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Medical Terminology > CH # 16: Opthalmology > Flashcards

CH # 16: Opthalmology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

A sense organ that is responsible 4 vision

Light rays enter and travel through the cornea, pupil, iris, lens and land on the retina 2 produce an image which is then sent 2 the brain via the optic nerve

Accessory organs provide protection and include the conjunctiva, eyelids and lacrimal glands

A

Eyeballs

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2
Q

The diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of the eye and vision

A

Ophthalmology

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3
Q

Medical doctors who have completed at least 4 years of specialized training after completing medical school

They do vision examinations, corrective lens prescription, diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and condition and eye surgery

A

Ophthalmologists

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4
Q

Obtains a doctor of optometry degree after completing 4 years at a school of optometry

A

Optometrist

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5
Q

Specializes in assessing vision and prescribing corrective lens, treating glaucoma, corneal damage, visual skill problems, providing both pre and post surgical care and screens 4 other eye diseases

A

Optometry

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6
Q

5 Suffixes meaning pertaining 2

A
  • a -ic
  • ar -ous
  • ary
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7
Q

Suffix meaning surgical removal

A

-ectomy

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8
Q

Suffix meaning process of recording

A

-graphy

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9
Q

Suffix meaning state or condition

A

-ia

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10
Q

Suffix meaning specialist

A

-ician

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11
Q

Suffix meaning inflammation

A

-itis

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12
Q

Suffix meaning stone

A

-lith

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13
Q

Suffix meaning 1 who studies

A

-logist

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14
Q

Suffix meaning the study of

A

-logy

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15
Q

Suffix meaning destruction

A

-lysis

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16
Q

Suffix meaning softening

A

-malacia

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17
Q

Suffix meaning an instrument 2 measure

A

-meter

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18
Q

Suffix meaning the process of measuring

A

-metry

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19
Q

Suffix meaning vision

A

-opia

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20
Q

Suffix meaning abnormal condition

A

-osis

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21
Q

Suffix meaning cutting in2

A

-otomy

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22
Q

Suffix meaning disease

A

-pathy

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23
Q

Suffix meaning surgical fixation

A

-pexy

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24
Q

Suffix meaning fear

A

-phobia

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25
Q

Suffix meaning surgical repair

A

-plasty

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26
Q

Suffix meaning paralysis

A

-plegia

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27
Q

Suffix meaning drooping

A

-ptosis

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28
Q

Suffix meaning flow

A

-rrhea

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29
Q

Suffix meaning hardening

A

-sclerosis

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30
Q

Suffix meaning an instrument 2 view

A

-scope

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31
Q

Suffix meaning the process of viewing

A

-scopy

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32
Q

2 Prefixes meaning w/out

A

A-

An-

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33
Q

Prefix meaning half

A

Hemi-

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34
Q

Prefix meaning excessive

A

Hyper-

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35
Q

Prefix meaning w/in

A

Intra-

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36
Q

Prefix meaning small

A

Micro-

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37
Q

Combining form meaning water

The anterior areas of the lens that r filled w/a watery fluid called aqueous humor

A

Aque/o

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38
Q

Combining form meaning eyelid

Both upper and lower folds of skin that close 2 protect the anterior surface of the eyeball

A

Blephar/o

39
Q

Name 4 eyelashes

A

Cilia

40
Q

Combining form meaning choroid layer

The middle layer of the wall of the eyeball

Contains many blood vessels

A

Choroid/o

41
Q

Combining form meaning conjunctiva

A mucus membrane that protects the anterior surface of the eyeball and turns underneath 2 line eyelids

A

Conjunctiv/o

42
Q

2 Combining forms meaning pupil

The opening in the center of the iris

It becomes larger or smaller 2 control the amount of light that enters in2 the eyeball

A

Core/o

Pupill/o

43
Q

Combining form meaning ciliary body

A ring of muscle around the outer edge of the lens

It’s attached 2 the lens by suspensory ligaments

A

Cycl/o

44
Q

It pulls on the edges of the lens 2 change its shape 2 focus the image on2 the retina

A

Suspensory ligaments

45
Q

2 Combining forms meaning tear

The watery fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands that moisten and cleanse the anterior surface of the eyeball

Tears collect in the corner of the eye and flow through the lacrimal canals 2 the lacrimal sac

A

Dacry/o

Lacrim/o

46
Q

The structures that r located superior and lateral 2 the eyeball and under the orbital bone

They create tears 2 protect and cleanse the eyeball

A

Lacrimal glands

47
Q

2 Combining forms meaning iris

The colored portion of the eye

It’s made of muscle and contracts or relaxes 2 change the size of the pupil

A

Ir/o

Irid/o

48
Q

2 Combining forms meaning cornea

It’s the anterior portion of the sclera

It’s transparent 2 allow light through and curved 2 bend light rays so that they focus on the retina

A

Corne/o

Kerat/o

49
Q

2 Combining forms meaning eye

It’s a complex sensory organ that allows us 2 c

It’s hollow but it’s not an empty sphere

Wall of the eye has 3 layers: sclera, choroid and the retina

A

Ocul/o

Ophthalm/o

50
Q

Combining form meaning vision

A

Opt/o

51
Q

Combining form meaning lens

It’s a transparent structure lying behind the iris and the pupil

It bends the light rays as they pass through so that it may be focused on the retina

A

Phac/o

52
Q

Combining form meaning retina

The inner layer of the eyeball

Contains light receptors called rods and cones

A

Retin/o

53
Q

A type of light receptor w/in the retina

They function in dim light and c in grey tones

A

Rods

54
Q

A type of light receptor w/in the retina

They c color in bright light

A

Cones

55
Q

Located on the posterior wall of the eyeball directly opposite of the lens

Has a small pit in it’s center called the fovea centralis

A

Macula lutea

56
Q

It’s a small pit w/in the macula lutea

It contains only cones and is the point of clearest vision

A

Fovea centralis

57
Q

Combining form meaning sclera or “white of the eye”

The outermost layer of the eye

It’s very fibrous and tough

A

Scler/o

58
Q

Combining form meaning tension or pressure

A

Ton/o

59
Q

Combining form meaning glassy

It refers 2 the gel like shiny substance called the vitreous humor that fills the large open cavity between the lens and the retina

A

Vitre/o

60
Q

The ability of the eye 2 adjust 2 variations in distance

A

Accommodation

Acc

61
Q

2 names 4 the inability 2 c in color since birth

A

Achromatopsia

Color blindness

62
Q

2 names 4 the loss of vision not due 2 a disease

It’s not correctable w/glasses

The patient wears a patch over 1 eye 2 force the effected eye 2 work

A

Amblyopia

Lazy eye

63
Q

The uneven bending of light rays that is caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea

Image appears fuzzy but it’s correctable w/cylindrical lenses

A

Astigmatism

As, Ast

64
Q

When the lens becomes cloudy or opaque

It results w/the whole vision field becoming blurry

Treatment is usually the surgical removal of it and is then replaced by a artificial lens

A

Cataract

65
Q

The use of multi colored charts 2 determine the ability of the patient 2 recognize color

A

Color vision tests

66
Q

The scraping away of the outer layer of the cornea

A

Corneal abrasion

67
Q

The procedure 2 remove the lens w/the cataract useing an extremely cold probe

A

Cryoextraction

68
Q

The development of small hemorrhages and edema w/in the retina as a result of diabetes mellitus

Laser surgery can b necessary 4 treatment

A

Diabetic retinopathy

69
Q

The bright green flourscent dye that is dropped on2 the surface of the eyeball 2 highlight cornea abrasions

A

Fluorescein

70
Q

A procedure using intravenous bright green dye 2 examine the movement of blood through the blood vessels of the eye

A

Fluorescein angiography

71
Q

A condition resulting from an increase in intraocular pressure

If left untreated it will result in the atrophy of the optic nerve and blindness

The patient notices that the vision becomes blurry around the edges and is treated w/medication and surgery

A

Glaucoma

72
Q

2 names 4 a visual condition in which the person can c things in the distance but has trouble reading material at close range

Correctable w/convex lenses

A

Hyperopia

Farsightedness

73
Q

2 replace the natural lens w/an artificial lens following cataract extraction

A

Intraocular lens (IOL) implant

74
Q

The correction of myopia using laser surgery 2 remove minute slices of corneal tissue

A

Laser-assisted in-situ ker-atomileusis

LASIK

75
Q

Using a laser 2 make pinpoint scars 2 stabilize a detached or torn retina

A

Laser retina photocoagulation

76
Q

The deterioration of the macula Luna of the retina

The patient will notice a loss of vision in the center of their visual feild

A

Macular degeneration

77
Q

2 names 4 a visual condition in which a person can c things up close but distance vision is blurred

A

Myopia

Nearsightedness

78
Q

2 names 4 having poor vision at night or in dim light

A

Nyctalopia

Night blindness

79
Q

The jerky-appearing involuntary eye movement

A

Nystagmus

80
Q

A health care professional that is trained 2 make corrective and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses

A

Optician

81
Q

The use of high frequency sound waves 2 break up a cataract which is then removes by suction w/a needle

A

Phacoemulsification

82
Q

Having the excessive sensitivity 2 light that leads 2 the avoidance of light

Not an actual phobia of light

A

Photophobia

83
Q

The use of a laser 2 reshape the cornea 2 improve visual acuity

A

Photo-refractive keratectomy

PRK

84
Q

A surgery w/spoke like incisions in the cornea 2 flatten it

It’s done 2 correct nearsightedness

A

Radial keratotomy

RK

85
Q

A defect in the ability of the eye 2 bend light rays 2 focus an image properly on the fovea centralis

It occurs in myopia and hyperopia

A

Refractive error

86
Q

It occurs when the retina becomes seperated from the choroid layer

This separation damages blood vessels and nerves resulting in blindness

A

Retinal detachment

87
Q

An instrument used in ophthalmology 4 examining the posterior surface of the cornea

A

Slit lamp microscope

88
Q

A chart used 4 testing visual acuity

It contains letters of various sizes and is given at a distance of 20 feet

Normal is 20/20 vision

A

Snellen chart

89
Q

2 names 4 the weakness of the external eye muscle

It results w/both eyes looking in different directions at the same time

It can b corrected w/glasses, eye exercises and/or surgery

A

Strabismus

Cross eyed

90
Q

The incision in2 the eye muscles 2 correct strabismus

A

Strabotomy

91
Q

2 names 4 a small prurient infection of the sebaceous gland of the eye that is treated w/hot compresses and surgical incision

A

Stye

Hordeolum

92
Q

The measurement of the sharpness of a patient’s vision

Snellen chart is usually used 4 this test and normal is 20/20 vision

A

Visual acuity test

VA

93
Q

The number 4 a person who is able 2 c at 20 feet away that a normal person c’s at 20 feet away

-AND-

The number 4 a person who c’s at 20 feet away but a normal person c’s at 200 feet away

A

20/20

20/200

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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