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Medical Terminology > Ch # 14 : Neurology > Flashcards

Ch # 14 : Neurology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

5 Suffixes meaning pertaining to

A
  • al
  • ar
  • ary
  • eal
  • ic
  • ine
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2
Q

Receives info and then uses it 2 adjust the activity of muscles and glands 2 match the body’s needs

A

Sensory receptors

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3
Q

What the nervous system consists of

Responsible 4 coordinating all the body’s activity

A

Brain

Spinal chord

Nerves

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4
Q

1 of 2 parts that make up the nervous system

Consists of the brain and spinal chord

A

Central nervous system

CNS

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5
Q

1 of 2 parts that make up the nervous system

Consists of all of the nerves carrying electrical impulses 2 the body’s organs

A

Peripheral nervous system

PNS

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6
Q

The structures of the nervous system

Conducts electrical impulses necessary 2 carry info between CNS and the body

A

Neurons

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7
Q

The point where 1 neuron meets another neuron

Message cannot transmit across the gap between neurons

A

Synapse

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8
Q

The gap between 2 neurons

A

Synaptic gap

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9
Q

Chemical messenger

A

Neurotransmitter

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10
Q

An insulating substance that helps neurons conduct electrical impulses faster

A

Myelin sheath

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11
Q

The branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the nervous system

Includes: brain, spinal chord and nerves

A

Neurology

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12
Q

Treats muscle conditions caused by the nervous system

A

Neurologist

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13
Q

A speciality 4 surgical procedures in treating nervous system conditions

A

Neurosurgery

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14
Q

Suffix meaning pain

A

-algia

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15
Q

Suffix meaning weakness

A

-asthenia

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16
Q

Suffix meaning hernia or protrusion

A

-cele

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17
Q

Suffix meaning surgical removal

A

-ectomy

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18
Q

Suffix meaning feeling or sensation

A

-esthesia

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19
Q

Suffix meaning record

A

-gram

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20
Q

Suffix meaning process of recording

A

-graphy

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21
Q

Suffix meaning inflammation

A

-itis

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22
Q

Suffix meaning 1 who studies

A

-logist

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23
Q

Suffix meaning softening

A

-malacia

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24
Q

Suffix meaning tumor

A

-oma

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25
Q

Suffix meaning abnormal condition

A

-osis

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26
Q

Suffix meaning cutting in2

A

-otomy

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27
Q

Suffix meaning disease

A

-pathy

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28
Q

Suffix meaning speech

A

-phasia

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29
Q

Suffix meaning surgical repair

A

-plasty

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30
Q

Suffix meaning paralysis

A

-plegia

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31
Q

Suffix meaning suture

A

-rrhaphy

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32
Q

Suffix meaning harding

A

-sclerosis

33
Q

Suffix meaning development

A

-trophic

34
Q

2 Prefixes meaning w/out

A

A-

An-

35
Q

Prefix meaning against

A

Anti-

36
Q

Prefix meaning 2

A

Di-

37
Q

Prefix meaning painful or difficult

A

Dys-

38
Q

Prefix meaning half

A

Hemi-

39
Q

Prefix meaning excessive

A

Hyper-

40
Q

Prefix meaning 1

A

Mono-

41
Q

Prefix meaning many

A

Poly-

42
Q

Prefix meaning 4

A

Quadri-

43
Q

Prefix meaning under

A

Sub-

44
Q

Combining form meaning cerebellum

2nd largest part of the brain

Coordinates movement and maintains balence

A

Cerebell/o

45
Q

Combining form meaning cerebrum

Largest part of the brain

Recieves sensory info and sends motor control commands

Responsible 4 memory, problem solving and language

Divided in2 4 lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital

A

Cerebr/o

46
Q

Combining form meaning brain

1 of the largest organs in the body

Coordinates most the body’s activites

4 sections: cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem

A

Encephal/o

47
Q

Combining form meaning medulla oblongata

Part of the brain stem

Connects rest of the brain 2 the spinal chord

Contains controls for vitals: respiration, heart rate, temperature and blood pressure

A

Medull/o

48
Q

Combining form meaning meninges

A 3 layer protective sac around the brain and spinal chord

Outer layer: dura matter
Middle layer: arachnoid layer
Inner layer: pia matter

A

Mening/o

49
Q

Combining form meaning spinal chord

A colum of nervous tissue providing a path 4 messages traveling 2 and from the brain

A

Myel/o

50
Q

Combining form meaning nerve

A chord-like bundle of neurons carrying messages between the CNS and the muscles and organs of the body

A

Neur/o

51
Q

Combining form meaning pons

Part of the brain stem that connects the cerebellum 2 the rest of the brain

A

Pont/o

52
Q

Combining form meaning thalamus

Part of the brain that relays incomming sensory info 2 the correct part of the cerebrum

A

Thalam/o

53
Q

Chronic brain condition involving progressive disorientation, speech and gait disturbances and loss of memory

A

Alzheimer disease

54
Q

2 different names 4 a diease w/muscular weakness and atrophy due 2 degeneration of mortar neurons of the spinal cord

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS)

Lou Gehrig disease

55
Q

Medication 2 reduce excitability of neurons and 2 prevent uncontrolled neuron activity associated w/seizures

A

Anticonvulsant

56
Q

Intracranial mass, either benign or malignant

Benign can still be fatal because it will grow and cause pressure on normal brain tissue

A

Brain tumor

57
Q

Bruising of the brain from impact

Systems last longer than 24 hours and include unconsciousness, dizziness, vomiting, unequal pupil size and shock

A

Cerebral contusion

58
Q

Non-progressive brain damage resulting from a defect in fetal development or trauma or oxygen deprivation at the time of birth

A

Cerebral palsy

CP

59
Q

Laboratory examination of clear, watery, colorless fluid from w/in the brain and spinal chord

Detects infections or bleeding in the brain

A

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

60
Q

2 different names 4 the development of brain infarct due 2 loss of the blood supply 2 the brain

Can be caused by a ruptures blood vessel (hemorrhage), floating clot (embolus), stationary clot (thrombus) or compression

Extent of damage depends on size and location of the infarct and can include dysphasia and hemiplegia

A

Cerebrovascular accident
(CVA)

Stroke

61
Q

Profound unconsciousness or stupor resulting from illness or injury

A

Coma

62
Q

Injury 2 the brain when the brain is shaken inside the skull because of impact

Systems last 24 hours or less and can include dizziness, vomiting, unequal pupil size and shock

A

Concussion

63
Q

Progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes w/preforming activities of daily life

A

Dementia

64
Q

Recurrent disorder of the brain

Seizures and loss of consciousness as a result of uncontrolled neuron electrical activity

A

Epilepsy

65
Q

Build-up of cerebrospinal fluid w/in the brain and if it’s congenial it causes enlargement of the head

Treated by creating shunt from the brain 2 the abdomen 2 drain excess fluid

A

Hydrocephalus

66
Q

3 different names 4 the puncture w/a needle in2 the lumbar vertebral area 2 w/draw fluid 4 examination or 4 the injection of medicine

Location of puncture is usually between the 4th and 5th vertebrae

A

Lumbar puncture
(LP)

Spinal tap

Spinal puncture

67
Q

Specific type of headache characterized by severe head pain, sensitivity 2 light, dizziness and nausea

A

Migraine

68
Q

Inflammatory autoimmune disease of the CNS

Immune system damages the myelin around the nerves and results in extreme weakness and numbness

A

Multiple sclerosis

MS

69
Q

Autoimmune disease w/severe muscular weakness and fatigue due 2 difficulty of the electrical impulse passing across the synapse from 1 nerve 2 the next

A

Myasthenia gravis

70
Q

Temporary or permanent loss of muscle function and movement

A

Paralysis

71
Q

Chronic disorder of the nervous system/fine tremors, muscle weakness, rigidity and shuffling gait

A

Parkinson disease

72
Q

Use of positive radionuclides 2 reconstruct brain sections

Measurement of oxygen and glucose uptake, cerebral blood flow and blood volume can be taken

Amount of glucose the brain uses indicates metabolic activity

A

Positron emission tomography

PET

73
Q

Sudden uncontrollable onset of symptoms

Appears as a loss of awareness and absence of activity

Systems can include muscle convulsions

A

Seizures

74
Q

2 different names 4 the eruption of painful blisters on the body along the nerve path

Thought 2 b caused by Varicella zoster virus infection of the nerve root

A

Shingles

Herpes zoster

75
Q

Congenial defect in the walls of the spinal canal in which 2 sides of vertebra do not meet or close

Can result in meningocele or myelomeningole

A

Spina bifida

76
Q

Damage 2 the spinal cord as a result of trauma

Spinal cord can be bruised or completely severed

A

Spinal cord injury

SCI

77
Q

Mass of blood forming underneath dura matter when meninges are torn by trauma

Can excerpt fatal pressure on brain if hematomais not drained by surgery

A

Subdermal hematoma

78
Q

Fainting

A

Syncope

79
Q

Temporary reduction of the blood supply 2 the brain

Causes various symptoms ex. syncope, numbness and hemiplegia

Can eventually lead 2 cerebrovascular accident

A

Transient ischemic attack

TIA

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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