Ch. 6: Grammar_Prepositions

Question 1

What are the three (3) inseparable prepositions?

Answer 1

1. בְּ (in, at, with, by, against)
2. כְּ (as, like, according to)
3. לְ (to, toward, for)

Question 2

4 ways the inseparable prepositions (בְּ כְּ לְ ) will prefix to a noun: Before a reduced or Hateph vowel?

Answer 2

The inseparable preposition will take the corresponding short vowel of the Hateph vowel. (This is the same type of rule that you have already learned for the conjunction וְ (5.7.3)

Question 3

When an inseparable preposition is prefixed to אֱלֹהִים (God), how is it spelled?

Answer 3

1. The vocal Shewa under the preposition changes to a Tsere
2. The Aleph loses its vowel
   Ex. לֵאלֹהִים (This spelling follows the Exception to the Second Rule of Shewa [4.11.4])

Question 4

4 ways the inseparable prepositions (בְּ כְּ לְ ) will prefix to a noun: In nouns with the definite article?

Answer 4

1. The vowel and Daghesh Forte of the definite articles are retained
2. the consonant of the preposition replaces the ה of the definite article; Examples:
   מִדְבָּר “wilderness”
   הַמִּדְבָּר “the wilderness”
   בַּמִּדְבָּר “in the wilderness”

Question 5

What happens when מִן (from, out of) is used as an inseparable prep with gutturals?

Answer 5

The Daghesh Forte is rejected by gutturals, of the assimilated נ
2. The Hireq under the מ of the preposition lengthens to Tsere
Ex. מֵאִישׁ “from a man”
(The lengthening of Hireq to Tsere is another example of compensatory lengthening learned in 5.4.1)

Question 6

What happens when מִן (from, out of) is used as an inseparable prep with a word that has the definite article?

Answer 6

The ה of the article is retained; as in (מֵהָאָ֫רֶץ)

Question 7

What happens when מִן (from, out of) is used as an inseparable prep with a word that begins with a ח??

Answer 7

1. The Daghesh Forte is often rejected by the guttural
2. Compensatory lengthening will usually not occur (this is called virtual doubling [see 5.4.2])
3. Compensatory lengthening will occur in some instances; such as (מֵחֶ֫רֶב) “from a sword”

Question 8

What are the special uses of the preposition מִן (from, out of)?

Answer 8

1. Comparative use
2. Superlative use
3. Partitive use

Question 9

What are the two ways that the comparative מִן can be used?

Answer 9

1. “than”: instead of the literal “good from gold” translate “better than gold”
2. “too . . . for”: instead of the literal “the work is difficult from the men” translate with a “the work is too difficult for the men”

Question 10

How is מִן (from, out of) used as a superlative?

Answer 10

מִן (from, out of) can be combined with כֹּל (all, each, every) in the formation of מִכֹּל literally “from every”
for example: lit. “clever from every living thing of the field” instead translate “the most clever living thing of the field”

Question 11

How is מִן (from, out of) used as a partitive?

Answer 11

1. Used to express a part of something

2. Ex. Lit. “from a fruit” instead translate “some fruit”

Question 12

What are the two words that are used as the definite direct object marker (also called accusative marker)? And when is it usually used?

Answer 12

אֵת/אֶת־
In Hebrew Prose
(note: This word has the same lexical form as the preposition “with, besides”; context will determine use)

Question 13

Does the direct object marker make a noun definite?

Answer 13

No (remember, there are three ways that a noun can be definite: articular, proper name, pronominal suffix (ex. סוּסִי “my horse”)

Question 14

What letter in Hebrew is weak and will often assimilate as a Forte

Answer 14

Nun

נ

Question 15

in the use of מִן as a comparative. Does the מִן accompany the word that is better or not as good?

Answer 15

1. Not as good
   Ex.
   טוֹבָה חָכְמָה מִזָּהָב
   Wisdom is better than gold