Ch. 10; Construct Chain Flashcards

1
Q

How is definiteness and indefiniteness determined in a construct chain

A
  1. They are either all definite or indefinite
  2. only the absolute noun can take the article
  3. If the absolute noun is definite so are all the constructs nouns; if it is indefinite so are all the construct nouns
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2
Q

Besides nouns appearing next to each other, how else can the construct chain be constructed?

A

with the Maqqef
מֶ֫לֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֫רֶץ
the king /of/ all /of/ the earth

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3
Q

How are adjectives used in a construct chain? Whether it is modifying the construct or absolute noun?

A
  1. It must follow the entire chain

2. It must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and definiteness

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4
Q

One example of an adjective with a construct chain

A

דְּבַר הַמַּלְכָּה הַטּוֹב

“The good word of the queen” (the adjective is masculine singular, modifying the construct noun)

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5
Q

A second example of an adjective with a construct chain

A

דְּבַר הַמַּלְכָּה הַטּוֹבָה

“The word of the good queen” (The adjective is feminine singular, modifying the absolute noun)

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6
Q

How are demonstrative adjectives used in a construct chain? Whether it is modifying the construct or absolute noun?

A
  1. It must follow the entire chain

2. It must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and definiteness

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7
Q

How can adjectives be used substantivally in a construct state?

A
  1. They just replace a noun
    חֲכַם־לֵב
    Wise of heart
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8
Q

In the construct state, what happens to changeable long vowels in a final closed syllable?

A

They reduce to a short vowel because the syllable becomes unaccented
בֶּן < בֵּן
מִדְבַּר < מדְבָּר
(with a few words, Tsere reduces to Pathach in a final closed syllable)

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9
Q

In the construct state, what happens to changeable long vowels in a open syllable?

A

They reduce to a Vocal Shew or Hateph Pathach with gutturals because the syllable moves into the propretonic position
נְבִיא < נָבִיא
הֲמוֹן < הָמוֹן

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10
Q

In the construct state explain why the following vowels are reduced
דְּבַר < דָּבָר

A
  1. The Qamets reduces to a vocal Shewa because it is now in an open propretonic syllable
  2. The Qamets reduces to a Pathach because it is now in a closed unaccented syllable
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11
Q

In the construct state explain why the following vowels changes with plural nouns
בִּרְכוֹת < בְּרָכוֹת

A
  1. The Qamets under the Resh reduced to a vocal Shewa

2. The two vocal Shewa contracted to a Hireq - Silent Shewa in accordance with the first rule of Shewa

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12
Q

In the construct state, what happens to feminine nouns that end in a Qamets He?

A

They will change to a Pathach Taw

תּוֹרַת < תּוֹרָה

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13
Q

In the construct state, what happens to the masculine plural and dual endings (Hireq Yod Mem)?

A

They change to Tsere Yod

בְּנֵי < בָּנִים

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14
Q

In the construct state, what happens to feminine plural nouns?

A

They do not change their ending

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15
Q

In the construct state, what happens to the masculine nouns ending with Seghol He?

A

They change to a Tsere He

שְׂדֵה < שָׂדֶה

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16
Q

In the construct state, what happens when certain (not all!) singular monosyllabic nouns?

A

They add a Hireq Yod to their stem (this also occurs when these same nouns take pronominal suffices [9.9]; be careful not to confuse this Hireq Yod with the 1cs pronominal suffix

17
Q

In the construct state, what happens to plural Segholate nouns (remember that these all take the vowels Vocal/Hateph and Qamets)?

A
  1. The Vocal Shewa/Hateph will change to a short vowel instead
  2. If a Hateph it will take the corresponding short vowel; if a V. Shewa it will take a Hireq
18
Q

In the construct state, what happens to the AY and AW diphthong

A
  1. AY = Tsere Yod
  2. AW = Holem Waw
    בֵּית < בַּ֫יִת
    מוֹת < מָ֫וֶת
19
Q

In the construct state, what happens to monosyllabic nouns with an unchangeable long vowel (Holem Waw, Shureq, Hireq Yod) and singular Segholate nouns?

A

They have no spelling changes (context must determine if they are in the construct state)

20
Q

What is the most common way that Hebrew constructs the a superlative?

A

The use of an adjective that has been made definite by the definite article, a pronominal suffix, or the construct state (context will the determiner)

21
Q

What is another way that Hebrew uses the construct chain to create a superlative idea?

A
  1. two nouns in a construct chain where the construct noun is singular and the absolute noun is plural and definite
  2. The two nouns must be the same
    “The holy of holies” = “the most holy place”