Ch. 10; Construct Chain Flashcards
How is definiteness and indefiniteness determined in a construct chain
- They are either all definite or indefinite
- only the absolute noun can take the article
- If the absolute noun is definite so are all the constructs nouns; if it is indefinite so are all the construct nouns
Besides nouns appearing next to each other, how else can the construct chain be constructed?
with the Maqqef
מֶ֫לֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֫רֶץ
the king /of/ all /of/ the earth
How are adjectives used in a construct chain? Whether it is modifying the construct or absolute noun?
- It must follow the entire chain
2. It must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and definiteness
One example of an adjective with a construct chain
דְּבַר הַמַּלְכָּה הַטּוֹב
“The good word of the queen” (the adjective is masculine singular, modifying the construct noun)
A second example of an adjective with a construct chain
דְּבַר הַמַּלְכָּה הַטּוֹבָה
“The word of the good queen” (The adjective is feminine singular, modifying the absolute noun)
How are demonstrative adjectives used in a construct chain? Whether it is modifying the construct or absolute noun?
- It must follow the entire chain
2. It must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and definiteness
How can adjectives be used substantivally in a construct state?
- They just replace a noun
חֲכַם־לֵב
Wise of heart
In the construct state, what happens to changeable long vowels in a final closed syllable?
They reduce to a short vowel because the syllable becomes unaccented
בֶּן < בֵּן
מִדְבַּר < מדְבָּר
(with a few words, Tsere reduces to Pathach in a final closed syllable)
In the construct state, what happens to changeable long vowels in a open syllable?
They reduce to a Vocal Shew or Hateph Pathach with gutturals because the syllable moves into the propretonic position
נְבִיא < נָבִיא
הֲמוֹן < הָמוֹן
In the construct state explain why the following vowels are reduced
דְּבַר < דָּבָר
- The Qamets reduces to a vocal Shewa because it is now in an open propretonic syllable
- The Qamets reduces to a Pathach because it is now in a closed unaccented syllable
In the construct state explain why the following vowels changes with plural nouns
בִּרְכוֹת < בְּרָכוֹת
- The Qamets under the Resh reduced to a vocal Shewa
2. The two vocal Shewa contracted to a Hireq - Silent Shewa in accordance with the first rule of Shewa
In the construct state, what happens to feminine nouns that end in a Qamets He?
They will change to a Pathach Taw
תּוֹרַת < תּוֹרָה
In the construct state, what happens to the masculine plural and dual endings (Hireq Yod Mem)?
They change to Tsere Yod
בְּנֵי < בָּנִים
In the construct state, what happens to feminine plural nouns?
They do not change their ending
In the construct state, what happens to the masculine nouns ending with Seghol He?
They change to a Tsere He
שְׂדֵה < שָׂדֶה