Ch. 14 Qal Perfect, Weak

Question 1

14.3 What happens in the I-Gut, II-Gut paradigms relative to the Strong?

Answer 1

Vocal Shewas under weak consonants (either I-Gut or II-Gut) become reduced to Hateph Pathach. This is the only change.

Question 2

14.3 What happens in III-ח ע relative to the Strong?

Answer 2

1. The Silent Shewa under guttural of 2fs becomes a Pathach.
2. this form also takes an accent on its second syllable

Question 3

14.5 What happens in III-א relative to the Strong?

Answer 3

• Sufformative: No Dagesh lene or Shewa
• III-א: Quiescent unless sufformative gives vowel
• Stem vowel: Pathach > Qamets except where SS (3fs, 3cp)
• 2mp, 2fp keep initial VS

Question 4

14.6 What happens in III-ה relative to the Strong?

Answer 4

1. Root: Drop III-ה
2. Sufformative: No Dagesh Lene or Shewa
3. 3fs adds (תָה)
4. Stem vowel: Hireq Yod in all 2nd 1st person forms
5. 3cp becomes 2 consonants with sufformative; and no Shewa
6. All forms have an initial Qamets except for 2mp, 2fp which has VS (3fs has a metheg)

Question 5

14.8 What is a helpful way of identifying the Qal Perfect of Geminate verbs? And what is the diagnostic feature?

Answer 5

The presence of a Holem Waw (though not present in lexical form, 3fs, and 3cp; but in each of these forms you can clearly see the geminate consonants)
2. The Dagesh Forte in most forms

Question 6

14.9 What happens in Geminate relative to the Strong?

Answer 6

1. Sufformative: No Dagesh Lene or Shewa
2. 2nd and 1st person: Assimilate change vowels
   בַבּוֹ
3. Initial Qamets becomes Pathach in all 2nd and 1st (including 2mp, 2fp)
4. 3rd person forms are normal

Question 7

What are the two types of Geminate verbs?

Answer 7

1. the lexical form has two of the same consonants that in the 1st and 2nd person become a Forte
2. the lexical form only has two consonants; a Forte will show up in the second consonant in every other form (even the other 3rd person forms)

Question 8

14.12 Why are biconsonantal verbs called also “hollow” or II-י/ו verbs?

Answer 8

1. In some conjugations, these verbs have a medial vowel letter
2. But in the Qal perfect these medial vowel letters are not present
   (these forms have as the lexical form the Qal Infinitive, not the perfect 3ms)

Question 9

What Biconsonantal verbs are considered strong?

Answer 9

1. Ones with a Shureq and Hireq Yod medial vowel letter

Question 10

What Biconsonantal verbs are considered weak?

Answer 10

1. Ones with a Holem Waw

Question 11

What are the patterns for the strong Biconsonantal verbs?

Answer 11

1. Accent the first syllable if word ends in a vowel.
2. 2nd 1st person: Vowels are Pathach + Silent Shewa
3. All 3rd-person forms only have Qamets under the first root consonant (not counting sufformative; this includes the 2mp, 2fp)
   (note the sufformative has the Dagesh and preceeding SS)

Question 12

What are the patterns for the weak Biconsonantal verbs? (those with a Aleph in the second consonant)

Answer 12

1. all forms have Qamets under the first root consonant.
2. Accent the first syllable if word ends in a vowel.
3. The א is quiescent, so no daghesh in initial ת nor Shewa (will only take vowel of sufformative.

Question 13

With the strong and weak Qal verbs we have learned, which ones drop a consonant?

Answer 13

1. III-ה
2. geminate verbs
3. biconsonantal only have two

Question 14

What is the one minor deviation that the verb הָיָה inflects from other III-ה verbs?

Answer 14

There is a Hateph Seghol in the 2mp and 2fp (the guttural cannot take the VS and so takes a reduced); Example:
הֱיִיתֶם

Question 15

Note:

Answer 15

The Qal Perfect of יָרֵא and מוּת are both weak and intransitive

Question 16

What happens to the sufformative taw when preceded by a vowel?

Answer 16

The taw in the sufformative can’t take a Dagesh Lene or Shewa

Question 17

If there are only two root consonants

in the Qal Perfect, how to tell what kind of verb it is? For a Third person Verb.

Answer 17

• Biconsonantal has accent on first syllable.

* Otherwise, it is a 3-ה verb.

Question 18

If there are only two root consonants

in the Qal Perfect, how to tell what kind of verb it is? For a 1st and 2nd person Verb.

Answer 18

• 3-ה 
(בָּנִ֫יתִי) if stem vowel is סִי
• Geminate 
(סַבּ֫וֹתִי) if stem vowel is סּוֹ
• Biconsonantal 
(קַ֫מְתִּי) if stem vowel is סְ
• 3-נ or 3-ת 
(כָּרַ֫תִּי) if stem vowel is סַ and has Dagesh in first consonant of the sufformative

Question 19

Besides the biconsonantal, what is the other paradigm that will have accents on the first syllable? and in what person, number?

Answer 19

1. weak geminate (there is fear of confusion because the geminate will have a forte in the last stem consonant)
2. 3fs, 3cp

Question 20

What is the typical form for the weak geminate?

Answer 20

1. 1st and 2nd person are the same as the strong
   בַבּוֹ
2. 3rd person is different (there is assimilation; no Holem Waw though)
   בַבּ
3. 3fs, 3cp is accented first syllable (still accented on 2ms, 1cs, and 1cp second syllable)

Question 21

In the 2fs forms, what governs whether the final SS is present?

Answer 21

If the sufformative has lost its dagesh and preceding SS

Question 22

Out of all the weak forms, which ones maintain an initial vocal Shewa on the 2mp and 2fp?

Answer 22

III - א
III - ה
And these are give me's
III - ח ע
I / II - Guttural