Ch. 16: Qal Imperfect Weak Verbs (bare mininum to recognize)

Question 1

What are the categories that will lose a consonant in the Qal Imperfect Weak verbs?

Answer 1

1. I-י
2. I-נ
3. III-ה
4. Geminate

Question 2

Determining the root: A verb that has a Tsere preformative? (יֵשֵׁב)

Answer 2

1. I-י
2. The initial consonant Yod has dropped out
3. However, the Type 3 Geminate verbs also have a Tsere for most forms and only have two root consonants (Five of the I-י forms have two Tsere’s; whereas the Type 3 Geminate have Tsere and Pathach)

Question 3

Determining the root: A verb that has a Forte in the first root consonant? (יִפֹּל)

Answer 3

1. I-נ

2. The Nun assimilates into the second root consonant

Question 4

What paradigm does the word לָקַח follow?

Answer 4

1. I-נ
2. The Lamed assimilates into the second root consonant (יִקַּח)
3. However, the 2fs, 3mp, 2mp lack the Forte (תִּקְחוּ) because of the rule of sqnmlwy

Question 5

Determining the root: A verb that ends with Seghol He (יִבְנֶה)

Answer 5

1. III-ה
2. The III-ה drops out, but in the forms that lack a sufformative, a ה is added (however, this is not true for those forms that have a sufformative)

Question 6

Determining the root: if there are not any significant indicators?

Answer 6

1. probably III-ה (these forms show up 3,500 times in OT)

2. possibly geminate; not all the forms have a forte (only occurs 163 times in OT)

Question 7

Determining the root: A verb that has a Forte in the second root consonant? (יָסֹ֫בּוּ)

Answer 7

1. Geminate

2. This is only the case for about 2/3 of the forms;

Question 8

How does the word הָלַךְ inflect in the Qal Imperfect?

Answer 8

1. As a type 1 I-י Weak verb

2. This category drops the initial consonant (יֵלֵךְ)

Question 9

What happens to I-Gutturals that start with an Aleph in the 1cs?

Answer 9

The Aleph will assimilate with the Aleph of the preformative

אֹמַר

Question 10

So what are the major ways to try to return to the root?

Answer 10

1. Add an initial Yod (I-י)
2. Add an initial Nun (I-נ)
3. Double the second consonant (geminate)
4. Add a final He (III-ה)
5. If there is a medial vowel letter, determine if it is a Bicon

Question 11

Determining the root: has a Qamets as the preformative? (יָסֹב)

Answer 11

1. Type 1 Geminate
2. Many of the Geminates in the Type 1 category that lack a Forte do have Qamets preformative that seem to be unique to this category (Most of the Bicon’s also have a Qamets, but they will also have a medial vowel letter, and so should not be confused)

Question 12

What are two Geminate patterns that will be confused with other patterns?

Answer 12

1. Type 2 geminate have a Forte in the first root consonant in most forms; this is similar to the I-נ
2. Type 3 geminate have a Tsere as preformative in most forms; this is similar to the I-י

Question 13

How to tell the Type 3 geminate apart from the I-י?

Answer 13

1. The Geminate will only have one Tsere preformative (and then a Pathach)
2. The I-י will have in most forms two contiguous Tsere’s

Question 14

How to tell the Type 2 geminate apart from the I-נ

Answer 14

1. In five of the Geminate T2 forms there will be two Dagheshes in the two root consonants, the I-נ does not have this (the other five forms will be hard to distinguish)

Question 15

How are Biconsonantal verbs recognized in the Qal Imperfect?

Answer 15

1. A medial vowel letter is found in every form
2. Either Shureq, Holem Waw, or Hireq Yod
3. Except for the 3fp and 2fp all the preformatives have a Qamets