ch. 6 energy and metabolism Flashcards
what is heat measured in?
calories
what is one calorie?
the heat energy required to raise the temp of 1g of water 1oC
what is a kilocalorie?
1000 calories or one food calorie
oxidation or reduction: loss of electron
oxidation
oxidation or reduction: gain of an electron
reduction
what is the first law of thermodynamics?
energy cannot be created or destroyed
what is the second law of thermodynamics?
without an energy input, all systems naturally become more disorderly over time/ increase in entropy
what is free energy?
the energy available to do work
what is enthalpy?
energy contained in a molecules chemical bonds
in an endergonic reaction, does it yield or require energy?
requires
in an exergonic reaction, does it yield or require energy?
yield
where does ATP store its’ energy?
in its phosphate bonds
what does it mean that phosphates are highly electronegative?
they repel each other, much energy is required to bond them, and much energy is released when the bonds are broken
what are coenzymes?
non-protein organic molecules, often used as an electron donor or acceptor
what are biochemical pathways?
a series of reactions in which the product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next reaction
