ch. 13 modern inheritance

Question 1

what is amniocentesis?

Answer 1

diagnosing genetic disorders in offspring during pregnancy using amniotic cells

Question 2

what is chorionic villi sampling?

Answer 2

diagnosing genetic disorders in offspring during pregnancy using placental cells

Question 3

what causes the most common form of hemophilia?

Answer 3

an x-linked recessive allele (heterozygous females are asymptomatic carriers)

Question 4

who introduced hemophilia into a number of different european royal families?

Answer 4

queen victoria of england

Question 5

what can genetic counseling use to determine the probability of genetic disorders in offspring?

Answer 5

pedigree analysis

Question 6

what does hemophilia affect?

Answer 6

clotting of the blood/ an enzyme in the clotting cascade

Question 7

what is an aneuploid?

Answer 7

an individual with an error in their chromosome number (including section deletions and duplications)

Question 8

what is an autosome?

Answer 8

any non-sex chromosome

Question 9

what is the centimorgan?

Answer 9

relative distance that corresponds to a 0.01 recombination theory

Question 10

what is the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

Answer 10

theory proposing that chromosomes are the genes’ vehicles and that their behavior during meiosis is the physical basis of the inheritance patterns that mendel observed

Question 11

what is chromosome inversion?

Answer 11

detachment, 180 degree rotation, and chromosome art reinsertion

Question 12

what is an euploid?

Answer 12

individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species

Question 13

what is homologous recombination?

Answer 13

process where homologous chromosomes undergo reciprocal physical exchanges at their arms, also crossing over

Question 14

what is a karyogram?

Answer 14

a karyotype‘s photographic image

Question 15

what is a karyotype?

Answer 15

an individuals chromosome number and appearance (including size, banding patters, and centromere position)

Question 16

what is a monosomy?

Answer 16

an otherwise diploid genotype in which one chromosome is missing

Question 17

what is nondisjunction?

Answer 17

failure of synapses homologs to completely separate and migrate to separate poles during the meiosis’ first cell division

Question 18

what is nonparental (recombinant) type?

Answer 18

offspring resulting from homologous recombination that exhibits a different allele combination compared with its parents

Question 19

what is paracentric inversion?

Answer 19

inversion that occurs outside the centromere

Question 20

what are parental types?

Answer 20

offspring that exhibits the same allelic combination as it s parents

Question 21

what is pericentric inversion?

Answer 21

inversion that involves the centromere

Question 22

what is a polyploid individual?

Answer 22

individual with an incorrect number of chromosome sets

Question 23

what is recombination frequency?

Answer 23

the average number of crossovers between two alleles (observed as the number of nonparental types in an offspring’s population)

Question 24

what is translocation?

Answer 24

process by which one chromosome segment dissociates and reattaches to a different, nonhomologous chromsome

Question 25

what is a trisomy genotype?

Answer 25

a genotype that is otherwise diploid except for where one entire chromosome duplicates

Question 26

what is x inactivation?

Answer 26

condensing X chromosomes into Barr bodies during embryonic development in females to compensate for the double genetic dose