Ch 6 Flashcards by Maria Thompson

The study of body structures that can be seen with the eye is called _____.

a. anatomy
b. physiology
c. kinesiology
d. histology

a. anatomy

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The scientific study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures is called _____.

a. neurology
b. anatomy
c. physiology
d. reflexology

c. physiology

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The basic units of all living things are _____.

a. bacteria
b. cells
c. plasmas
d. hormones

b. cells

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The cells of all living organisms are made of a substance called _____.

a. protoplasm
b. neoplasm
c. ultraplasm
d. cytoplasm

a. protoplasm

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_____ is to raw egg white as _____ is to raw egg yolk.

a. Protoplasm; nucleus
b. Cell membrane; protoplasm
c. Nucleus; cytoplasm
d. Cytoplasm; cell membrane

a. Protoplasm; nucleus

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The dense, active structure at the center of the cell is the _____.

a. nucleus
b. membrane
c. neuron
d. origin

a. nucleus

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What is the fluid of a cell that surrounds the nucleus and is necessary for growth and reproduction?

a. Cell membrane
b. Cerebrospinal fluid
c. Mitosis
d. Cytoplasm

d. Cytoplasm

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In living organisms, cell reproduction is called _____.

a. mitosis
b. catabolism
c. metabolism
d. aptosis

a. mitosis

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Most cells reproduce by dividing into two cells called _____ cells.

a. neutral
b. daughter
c. twin
d. sibling

b. daughter

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A collection of similar cells that perform a function is called a(n) _____.

a. tissue
b. structure
c. organ
d. organism

a. tissue

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What is the tissue that binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body?

a. Nerve tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Epithelial tissue
d. Muscle tissue

b. Connective tissue

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Another term for fat is _____ tissue.

a. nerve
b. muscle
c. epithelial
d. adipose

d. adipose

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You hungrily take a bite of steaming hot pizza and the bubbling cheese burns the inside of your mouth.
What type of tissue have you damaged? 
a.  Endocrine 
b.  Epithelial 
c.  Nerve 
d.  Lymphatic

b. Epithelial

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The type of tissue that controls and coordinates body functions is _____ tissue.

a. endocrine
b. epithelial
c. nerve
d. lymphatic

c. nerve

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Structures composed of specialized tissues that perform specific functions in plants and animals are
called \_\_\_\_\_. 
a.  cells 
b.  hormones 
c.  organs 
d.  neurons

c. organs

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The physical foundation of the body consisting of bones connected by joints is the _____.

a. nervous system
b. skeletal system
c. muscular system
d. endocrine system

b. skeletal system

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How many bones are in the adult human body?

a. 186
b. 196
c. 206
d. 216

c. 206

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The joint pain people complain about is often caused by _____.

a. inflammation of tissue surrounding the joint
b. damage to the joint itself
c. circulatory impairments
d. nervous system damage

a. inflammation of tissue surrounding the joint

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The skull consists of the _____.

a. temporal and occipital bones
b. sphenoid and hyoid bones
c. vertebrae and discs
d. cranium and facial bones

d. cranium and facial bones

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The facial skeleton has how many bones?

a. Six
b. Eight
c. Twelve
d. Fourteen

d. Fourteen

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The bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape is the _____.

a. temporal
b. mandible
c. occipital
d. frontal

c. occipital

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The bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together is the _____.

a. ethmoid bone
b. parietal bone
c. malar bone
d. sphenoid bone

d. sphenoid bone

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The cheekbones are also called the _____.

a. hyoid bones
b. lacrimal bones
c. ethmoid bones
d. zygomatic bones

d. zygomatic bones

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The elastic, bony cage that acts as a protective framework for the heart and lungs is the _____.

a. sternum
b. thorax
c. scapula
d. clavicle

b. thorax

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``` The inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached at the wrist and located on the side of the little finger, is the _____. a. humerus b. carpus c. ulna d. radius ```

c. ulna

The smaller bone of the forearm, on the same side as the thumb, is the _____. a. hyoid b. humerus c. ulna d. radius

d. radius

The bones in the fingers or digits are called _____. a. phalanges b. metacarpus c. scapula d. carpus

a. phalanges

The heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee is called the _____. a. femur b. tibia c. fibula d. patella

a. femur

The ankle joint is composed of how many bones? a. Three b. Four c. Six d. Nine

a. Three

The part of the muscle that does not move is the _____. a. ligament b. tendon c. insertion d. origin

d. origin

The middle part of the muscle is called the _____. a. nucleus b. belly c. insertion d. origin

b. belly

The part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton is the _____. a. ligament b. tendon c. insertion d. origin

c. insertion

Pressure in massage is usually directed from the _____. a. insertion to beginning b. insertion to the origin c. skeleton to origin d. front to sides

b. insertion to the origin

To find the comb she dropped on the floor while working on her client Tyna lowered her head and turned her head away. What muscle was Tyna most likely using? a. Sternocleidomastoideus b. Temporalis c. Masseter d. Aponeurosis

a. Sternocleidomastoideus

``` Suppose you instruct a client to close his or her eyes before you apply makeup. Which muscle are you instructing the client to use? a. Temporal oculi b. Corrugator muscle c. Orbicularis oculi d. Latissimus dorsi ```

c. Orbicularis oculi

You notice your instructor watching you perform a service. Your instructor’s eyebrows are down and her forehead has vertical wrinkles in it. What muscle is she most likely using? a. Corrugator muscle b. Masseter muscle c. Orbicularis oculi muscle d. Epicranius muscle

a. Corrugator muscle

Which muscle can easily be damaged during makeup application? a. Corrugator b. Orbicularis oculi c. Platysma d. Levator palpebrae superioris

d. Levator palpebrae superioris

The muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back is the _____. a. corrugator muscle b. pectoralis minor c. latissimus dorsi d. trapezius

d. trapezius

The muscles that turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward are the _____. a. flexors b. supinators c. pronators d. levitators

c. pronators

Muscles that draw the fingers together the fingers are called _____. a. abductors b. pronators c. adductors d. extensors

c. adductors

The scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system is called _____. a. neurology b. anatomy c. physiology d. reflexology

a. neurology

The nervous system as a whole is divided into how many main subdivisions? a. Two b. Three c. Four d. Six

b. Three

What nervous system controls the voluntary functions of the five senses? a. Peripheral b. Autonomic c. Central d. Somatic

c. Central

The largest and most complex organization of nerve tissue in the body is the _____. a. spinal cord b. neurons c. brain d. PNS

c. brain

The simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve is called a(n) _____. a. reflex b. instinct c. activation d. inflammation

a. reflex

``` The whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers, held together by connective tissue that make up the nervous system are called _____. a. nuclei b. glands c. nerves d. lymphatics ```

c. nerves

The largest of the cranial nerves also called the fifth cranial nerve, is the _____. a. sensory nerve b. mandibular nerve c. trigeminal nerve d. ophthalmic nerve

c. trigeminal nerve

Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg? a. Sural nerve b. Common peroneal nerve c. Saphenous nerve d. Dorsal nerve

a. Sural nerve

To what part of the heart is oxygenated blood returned? a. left atrium b. Mitral valve c. Ventricle d. Pericardium

a. left atrium

Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries and located closer to the skin surface are _____. a. buccinators b. capillaries c. veins d. arteries

c. veins

How much blood is in the adult human body? a. 5 to 7 pints b. 8 to 10 pints c. 3 to 4 quarts d. 5 to 6 quarts

b. 8 to 10 pints

Blood is generally bright red in the arteries and dark red in the veins. What accounts for the difference in color? a. The addition of iron b. The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen c. The return of needed sugars d. The substitution of carbon monoxide for oxygen

b. The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen

The main arteries that supply blood to the head, neck, and face are the _____. a. common carotid arteries b. common aorta arteries c. internal jugular d. serratus anterior arteries

a. common carotid arteries

Which of the following is part of the lymphatic system? a. Thyroid b. Thymus gland c. Pancreas d. Pineal

b. Thymus gland

The word integument means _____. a. blood vessels b. hormone c. natural covering d. gland

c. natural covering

One square centimeter of skin contains_____ yards of nerves. a. 12 b. 3 c. 4 d. 10

C. 4

Ductless glands that release secretion of hormones directly into the bloodstream are _____. a. endocrine glands b. digestive glands c. exocrine glands d. sweat glands

a. endocrine glands

Insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen are examples of _____. a. digestive enzymes b. waste products c. hormones d. proteins

c. hormones

Which gland plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism? a. Pineal b. Pituitary c. Thyroid d. Spleen

a. Pineal

How might a cosmetologist notice changes in a client’s thyroid function? a. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck b. Changes in the growth rate, quality, or texture of hair or nails c. Signs of infection including abscesses d. Improved muscle tone throughout the body

b. Changes in the growth rate, quality, or texture of hair or nails

Which organ is part of the female reproductive system? a. Urethra b. Prostate c. Ovaries d. Testes

c. Ovaries

The primary male reproductive hormone is _____. a. Testosterone b. Insulin c. Progestin d. Estrogen

a. Testosterone

Acne, loss of scalp hair, facial hair growth and color, and darker skin pigmentations are some of the results of changing or fluctuating _____. a. cells b. tissues c. hormones d. metabolism

c. hormones