Ch 12 Flashcards

1
Q

The branch of science that applies to substances that contain carbon is called _____ chemistry.

a. inorganic
b. organic
c. environmental
d. structural

A

b. organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All haircolor products are organic chemicals, which means they _____.

a. are natural and healthy
b. contain non-synthetic ingredients
c. contain carbon and hydrogen
d. lack carbon but may contain hydrogen

A

c. contain carbon and hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the study of substances that lack the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen?

a. Inorganic chemistry
b. Physical chemistry
c. Stereochemistry
d. Biochemistry

A

a. Inorganic chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A characteristic of all inorganic substances is that they _____.

a. burn easily
b. contain hydrogen
c. are derived from living things
d. lack carbon

A

d. lack carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The simplest form of chemical matter that cannot be broken down without the loss of identity is a(n) _____.

a. element
b. energy
c. substance
d. mineral

A

a. element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

There are _____ naturally occurring elements, each with its own distinct physical and chemical properties.

a. 68
b. 98
c. 118
d. 138

A

b. 98

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The basic unit of matter, with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons that
move around the nucleus in orbits, is a(n) _____.
a. atom
b. ion
c. proton
d. neutron

A

a. atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chemically combining two or more atoms produces a _____.

a. mixture
b. substance
c. molecule
d. miscible

A

c. molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements produces a(n) _____.

a. compound
b. solution
c. neutral
d. acid

A

a. compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sodium chloride is an example of a(n) _____.

a. compound molecule
b. atom
c. element
d. mineral

A

a. compound molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?

a. Solid
b. Liquid
c. Gas
d. Vapor

A

b. Liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an example of a chemical property?

a. Solubility
b. Density
c. Ability to rust
d. Boiling point

A

c. Ability to rust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Change in the form of a substance that does not cause a chemical reaction is a(n) _____ change.

a. anion
b. chemical
c. matter
d. physical

A

d. physical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The oxidation of haircolor is an example of a _____.

a. physical change
b. chemical change
c. reversible process
d. change in the state of matter

A

b. chemical change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
What type of chemical reaction results in the oxidizing agent being reduced and the reducing agent
being oxidized? 
a.  Decomposition 
b.  Simple displacement 
c.  Neutralization 
d.  Redox
A

d. Redox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chemical reactions that are characterized by giving off heat are _____.

a. neutralized
b. acidic
c. oxidized
d. exothermic

A

d. exothermic

17
Q

The rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light, is known as _____.

a. implosion
b. combustion
c. entropy
d. synthesis

A

b. combustion

18
Q

A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions is a _____.

a. physical mixture
b. physical blend
c. pure substance
d. pure combination

A

c. pure substance

19
Q

Air contains many substances, including nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and is an example of a _____.

a. physical mixture
b. chemical change
c. pure substance
d. chemical compound

A

a. physical mixture

20
Q

A stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent is a(n) _____.

a. blend
b. solute
c. solution
d. emulsion

A

c. solution

21
Q

A substance, usually liquid, that dissolves another substance to form a solution is a(n) _____.

a. solvent
b. immiscible
c. solute
d. solid

A

a. solvent

22
Q

Mutually soluble liquids that can be mixed together to form clear solutions are _____.

a. fusible
b. miscible
c. solvents
d. compatible

A

b. miscible

23
Q

Water and alcohol _____.

a. are insoluble substances
b. form a suspension when mixed together c. form distinct layers when combined
d. are examples of miscible liquids

A

d. are examples of miscible liquids

24
Q

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances is a(n) _____.

a. synthesis
b. emulsion
c. suspension
d. solution

A

b. emulsion

25
Substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify, are _____. a. suspensions b. mixtures c. particles d. surfactants
d. surfactants
26
Being “capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving)” is defined as _____. a. lipophilic b. halophilic c. hydrophilic d. acidophilic
c. hydrophilic
27
“Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)” is defined as _____. a. lipophilic b. oligophilic c. lyophilic d. oxyphilic
a. lipophilic
28
What is an example of an oil-in-water emulsion of two immiscible liquids? a. Nail primer b. Glycerin c. Cold cream d. Silicone
c. Cold cream
29
Substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products are _____. a. volatile alcohols b. alkanolamines c. carbons d. silicones
b. alkanolamines
30
What is an example of an ammonia compound that is used to perform chemical services in a salon? a. Ionization hydroxide b. Ammonium hydroxide c. Cetyl alcohol d. Silicone solutions
b. Ammonium hydroxide
31
A sweet, colorless, oily substance that is used as a moisturizer in skin and body creams is _____. a. silicone b. ammonia c. glycerin d. alkanolamines
c. glycerin
32
A common volatile organic compound used in hair spray is _____. a. ionized water b. ammonia water c. hydrogen peroxide d. ethyl alcohol
d. ethyl alcohol
33
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is a(n) _____. a. electrolyte b. ion c. current d. conductor
b. ion
34
What term refers to the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions? a. Ionization b. Aeration c. Deionization d. Dissolution
a. Ionization
35
An ion with a positive electrical charge is considered to be _____. a. nonaqueous b. a cation c. neutral d. an anion
b. a cation
36
A solution with a pH value of seven indicates a(n) _____ solution. a. volatile b. alkaline c. neutral d. acidic
c. neutral