Ch 12 Flashcards
The branch of science that applies to substances that contain carbon is called _____ chemistry.
a. inorganic
b. organic
c. environmental
d. structural
b. organic
All haircolor products are organic chemicals, which means they _____.
a. are natural and healthy
b. contain non-synthetic ingredients
c. contain carbon and hydrogen
d. lack carbon but may contain hydrogen
c. contain carbon and hydrogen
What is the study of substances that lack the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen?
a. Inorganic chemistry
b. Physical chemistry
c. Stereochemistry
d. Biochemistry
a. Inorganic chemistry
A characteristic of all inorganic substances is that they _____.
a. burn easily
b. contain hydrogen
c. are derived from living things
d. lack carbon
d. lack carbon
The simplest form of chemical matter that cannot be broken down without the loss of identity is a(n) _____.
a. element
b. energy
c. substance
d. mineral
a. element
There are _____ naturally occurring elements, each with its own distinct physical and chemical properties.
a. 68
b. 98
c. 118
d. 138
b. 98
The basic unit of matter, with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons that
move around the nucleus in orbits, is a(n) _____.
a. atom
b. ion
c. proton
d. neutron
a. atom
Chemically combining two or more atoms produces a _____.
a. mixture
b. substance
c. molecule
d. miscible
c. molecule
The chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements produces a(n) _____.
a. compound
b. solution
c. neutral
d. acid
a. compound
Sodium chloride is an example of a(n) _____.
a. compound molecule
b. atom
c. element
d. mineral
a. compound molecule
What state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?
a. Solid
b. Liquid
c. Gas
d. Vapor
b. Liquid
What is an example of a chemical property?
a. Solubility
b. Density
c. Ability to rust
d. Boiling point
c. Ability to rust
Change in the form of a substance that does not cause a chemical reaction is a(n) _____ change.
a. anion
b. chemical
c. matter
d. physical
d. physical
The oxidation of haircolor is an example of a _____.
a. physical change
b. chemical change
c. reversible process
d. change in the state of matter
b. chemical change
What type of chemical reaction results in the oxidizing agent being reduced and the reducing agent being oxidized? a. Decomposition b. Simple displacement c. Neutralization d. Redox
d. Redox
Chemical reactions that are characterized by giving off heat are _____.
a. neutralized
b. acidic
c. oxidized
d. exothermic
d. exothermic
The rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light, is known as _____.
a. implosion
b. combustion
c. entropy
d. synthesis
b. combustion
A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions is a _____.
a. physical mixture
b. physical blend
c. pure substance
d. pure combination
c. pure substance
Air contains many substances, including nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and is an example of a _____.
a. physical mixture
b. chemical change
c. pure substance
d. chemical compound
a. physical mixture
A stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent is a(n) _____.
a. blend
b. solute
c. solution
d. emulsion
c. solution
A substance, usually liquid, that dissolves another substance to form a solution is a(n) _____.
a. solvent
b. immiscible
c. solute
d. solid
a. solvent
Mutually soluble liquids that can be mixed together to form clear solutions are _____.
a. fusible
b. miscible
c. solvents
d. compatible
b. miscible
Water and alcohol _____.
a. are insoluble substances
b. form a suspension when mixed together c. form distinct layers when combined
d. are examples of miscible liquids
d. are examples of miscible liquids
An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances is a(n) _____.
a. synthesis
b. emulsion
c. suspension
d. solution
b. emulsion
Substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify, are _____.
a. suspensions
b. mixtures
c. particles
d. surfactants
d. surfactants
Being “capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving)” is defined as _____.
a. lipophilic
b. halophilic
c. hydrophilic
d. acidophilic
c. hydrophilic
“Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)” is defined as _____.
a. lipophilic
b. oligophilic
c. lyophilic
d. oxyphilic
a. lipophilic
What is an example of an oil-in-water emulsion of two immiscible liquids?
a. Nail primer
b. Glycerin
c. Cold cream
d. Silicone
c. Cold cream
Substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products are _____.
a. volatile alcohols
b. alkanolamines
c. carbons
d. silicones
b. alkanolamines
What is an example of an ammonia compound that is used to perform chemical services in a salon?
a. Ionization hydroxide
b. Ammonium hydroxide
c. Cetyl alcohol
d. Silicone solutions
b. Ammonium hydroxide
A sweet, colorless, oily substance that is used as a moisturizer in skin and body creams is _____.
a. silicone
b. ammonia
c. glycerin
d. alkanolamines
c. glycerin
A common volatile organic compound used in hair spray is _____.
a. ionized water
b. ammonia water
c. hydrogen peroxide
d. ethyl alcohol
d. ethyl alcohol
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is a(n) _____.
a. electrolyte
b. ion
c. current
d. conductor
b. ion
What term refers to the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions?
a. Ionization
b. Aeration
c. Deionization
d. Dissolution
a. Ionization
An ion with a positive electrical charge is considered to be _____.
a. nonaqueous
b. a cation
c. neutral
d. an anion
b. a cation
A solution with a pH value of seven indicates a(n) _____ solution.
a. volatile
b. alkaline
c. neutral
d. acidic
c. neutral
