Ch 10 Flashcards
The surface of a healthy natural nail should be _____.
a. smooth and spotted
b. flexible and spotted
c. smooth and unspotted
d. pitted and rough
c. smooth and unspotted
Clients with skin or nails that are infected, inflamed, or swollen should be referred to a(n) _____.
a. technician
b. physician
c. stylist
d. esthetician
b. physician
Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate that are the result of a major illness or injury are known as \_\_\_\_\_. a. eggshell nails b. narrow lines c. Beau’s lines d. hangnails
c. Beau’s lines
What is a nail condition in which blood clots form under the nail plate due to a small injury of the nail plate? a. Bruised nails b. Blue nails c. Abnormal nails d. Bruised onychia
a. Bruised nails
Which type of nail has a noticeably thin, white nail plate, and is more flexible than a normal nail?
a. Ingrown
b. Bitten
c. Leukonychia
d. Eggshell
d. Eggshell
When the eponychium or other living tissue surrounding the nail plate becomes split or torn, a _____ occurs.
a. purogenic granuloma
b. trumpet nail
c. splinter hemorrhage
d. hangnail
d. hangnail
Which treatment should be suggested to an individual with a simple hangnail?
a. Removal of the damaged nail
b. Hot oil manicure
c. Removal of the entire cuticle, including living portions
d. Daily use of medicated soaks
b. Hot oil manicure
Redness, pain, and swelling are best described as signs of a(n) _____.
a. cosmetic defect
b. deformity
c. infection
d. abrasion
c. infection
Minor damage to the matrix that produces a whitish discoloration or white spots on the nails is known as _____.
a. leukonychia
b. melanonychia
c. a hangnail
d. nail fungus
a. leukonychia
Leukonychia spots result from _____.
a. injury to the nail matrix
b. calcium deficiency
c. zinc excess
d. excess melanocytes
a. injury to the nail matrix
A dark band within the nail plate extending from the base to the free edge due to increased pigmentation is known as _____.
a. melanin nails
b. onycholysis
c. onychophagy
d. melanonychia
d. melanonychia
Melanocytes are _____.
a. stem cells
b. pre-cancerous cells
c. infection fighters
d. pigment cells
d. pigment cells
An individual who bites his or her nails may be said to have _____.
a. onychocryptosis
b. trumpet nail
c. onychomycosis
d. onychophagy
d. onychophagy
Split or brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges and a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate is known as _____.
a. onychophagy
b. onychophosis
c. onychorrhexis
d. plicatured nails
c. onychorrhexis
Excessive use of _____ can cause onychorrhexis.
a. hot oil treatments
b. nail strengtheners
c. cuticle removers
d. nail polish
c. cuticle removers
A highly curved nail plate often called “folded nail,” caused by injury to the matrix or inherited, is a(n) _____.
a. bruised nail
b. bitten nail
c. plicatured nail
d. eggshell nail
c. plicatured nail
_____ often leads to ingrown nails.
a. Onychophagy
b. Plicatured nails
c. Nail pterygium
d. Beau’s lines
b. Plicatured nails
Ridges running vertically down the natural nail plate are caused by _____.
a. overgrowth and polish
b. medication and cold temperatures
c. uneven growth and age
d. bitten nails
c. uneven growth and age
Physical trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow results in _____.
a. purogenic granulomas
b. trumpet nail
c. splinter hemorrhages
d. hangnails
c. splinter hemorrhages
_____ are always be positioned lengthwise in the direction of growth.
a. Splinter hemorrhages
b. Hangnails
c. Koilonychia
d. Leukonychia
a. Splinter hemorrhages
The disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl around to form a sharp cone at the free edge is called _____.
a. purogenic granuloma
b. trumpet nail
c. splinter hemorrhages
d. onychophagy
b. trumpet nail
Moriah has a nail deformity. The general term for her condition is _____.
a. onyx
b. onychia
c. onychosis
d. onychophosis
c. onychosis
Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shredding of the natural nail plate is known as _____.
a. onychia
b. onyx
c. fungi
d. flagella
a. onychia
Which of the following is an infectious nail condition?
a. onychomycosis
b. nail psoriasis
c. onychocryptosis
d. onycholysis
a. onychomycosis
_____ refers to a fungal infection of the nail.
a. Onychocryptosis
b. Onychopathology
c. Onychomycosis
d. Onychophagy
c. Onychomycosis
Which parasite, under some conditions, can cause infections to the feet and hands?
a. Onychiosis
b. Flagella
c. Fungi
d. Plicature
c. Fungi
If a cosmetologist provides a service to a client with a fungal infection, it is _____ that the cosmetologist will get that infection from the client.
a. extremely unlikely
b. possible
c. probable
d. extremely likely
a. extremely unlikely
Discolorations of the nail plate from infections of the fingernails or toenails are usually the result of a _____.
a. mold
b. fungus
c. viral infection
d. bacterial infection
d. bacterial infection
A naturally occurring skin bacterium that can grow out of control and cause nail infections, incorrectly referred to as mold, is _____.
a. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
b. paronychia granular
c. pyogenic granular
d. plicatured nails
a. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
In the early stages, a typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified as a _____.
a. yellow-green spot
b. nail deformity
c. separation of the nail
d. white, lengthwise ridge
a. yellow-green spot
Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is called _____.
a. pyogenic granuloma
b. trumpet nail
c. splinter hemorrhages
d. onychophagy
a. pyogenic granuloma
A friend shows you paperwork from a doctor stating that he has tinea pedis. What is his condition?
a. Scaling skin
b. Whitish patches on the nail
c. Athlete’s foot
d. Ingrown nails
c. Athlete’s foot
Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate is an indication of _____.
a. local infection
b. ingrown nails
c. athlete’s foot
d. nail psoriasis
d. nail psoriasis
An ingrown nail is called a(n) is called _____.
a. onychocryptosis
b. trumpet nail
c. onychomycosis
d. onychophagy
a. onychocryptosis
The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is a sign of _____.
a. onychomadesis
b. nail psoriasis
c. eggshell nails
d. onycholysis
d. onycholysis
_____ may be caused by an allergic reaction of the nail bed.
a. Onycholysis
b. Melanonychia
c. Onychophagy
d. Splinter hemorrhage
a. Onycholysis
Onychomadesis is the separation and falling off of a nail plate and can typically be traced to _____.
a. darkening of nail
b. nail splitting
c. local infection
d. bitten nails
c. local infection
