Ch 10

Question 1

The surface of a healthy natural nail should be _____.

a. smooth and spotted
b. flexible and spotted
c. smooth and unspotted
d. pitted and rough

Answer 1

c. smooth and unspotted

Question 2

Clients with skin or nails that are infected, inflamed, or swollen should be referred to a(n) _____.

a. technician
b. physician
c. stylist
d. esthetician

Answer 2

b. physician

Question 3

Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate that are the result of a major
illness or injury are known as \_\_\_\_\_. 
a.  eggshell nails 
b.  narrow lines 
c.  Beau’s lines 
d.  hangnails

Answer 3

c. Beau’s lines

Question 4

What is a nail condition in which blood clots form under the nail plate due to a small injury of the nail
plate? 
a.  Bruised nails 
b.  Blue nails 
c.  Abnormal nails 
d.  Bruised onychia

Answer 4

a. Bruised nails

Question 5

Which type of nail has a noticeably thin, white nail plate, and is more flexible than a normal nail?

a. Ingrown
b. Bitten
c. Leukonychia
d. Eggshell

Answer 5

d. Eggshell

Question 6

When the eponychium or other living tissue surrounding the nail plate becomes split or torn, a _____ occurs.

a. purogenic granuloma
b. trumpet nail
c. splinter hemorrhage
d. hangnail

Answer 6

d. hangnail

Question 7

Which treatment should be suggested to an individual with a simple hangnail?

a. Removal of the damaged nail
b. Hot oil manicure
c. Removal of the entire cuticle, including living portions
d. Daily use of medicated soaks

Answer 7

b. Hot oil manicure

Question 8

Redness, pain, and swelling are best described as signs of a(n) _____.

a. cosmetic defect
b. deformity
c. infection
d. abrasion

Answer 8

c. infection

Question 9

Minor damage to the matrix that produces a whitish discoloration or white spots on the nails is known as _____.

a. leukonychia
b. melanonychia
c. a hangnail
d. nail fungus

Answer 9

a. leukonychia

Question 10

Leukonychia spots result from _____.

a. injury to the nail matrix
b. calcium deficiency
c. zinc excess
d. excess melanocytes

Answer 10

a. injury to the nail matrix

Question 11

A dark band within the nail plate extending from the base to the free edge due to increased pigmentation is known as _____.

a. melanin nails
b. onycholysis
c. onychophagy
d. melanonychia

Answer 11

d. melanonychia

Question 12

Melanocytes are _____.

a. stem cells
b. pre-cancerous cells
c. infection fighters
d. pigment cells

Answer 12

d. pigment cells

Question 13

An individual who bites his or her nails may be said to have _____.

a. onychocryptosis
b. trumpet nail
c. onychomycosis
d. onychophagy

Answer 13

d. onychophagy

Question 14

Split or brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges and a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate is known as _____.

a. onychophagy
b. onychophosis
c. onychorrhexis
d. plicatured nails

Answer 14

c. onychorrhexis

Question 15

Excessive use of _____ can cause onychorrhexis.

a. hot oil treatments
b. nail strengtheners
c. cuticle removers
d. nail polish

Answer 15

c. cuticle removers

Question 16

A highly curved nail plate often called “folded nail,” caused by injury to the matrix or inherited, is a(n) _____.

a. bruised nail
b. bitten nail
c. plicatured nail
d. eggshell nail

Answer 16

c. plicatured nail

Question 17

_____ often leads to ingrown nails.

a. Onychophagy
b. Plicatured nails
c. Nail pterygium
d. Beau’s lines

Answer 17

b. Plicatured nails

Question 18

Ridges running vertically down the natural nail plate are caused by _____.

a. overgrowth and polish
b. medication and cold temperatures
c. uneven growth and age
d. bitten nails

Answer 18

c. uneven growth and age

Question 19

Physical trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow results in _____.

a. purogenic granulomas
b. trumpet nail
c. splinter hemorrhages
d. hangnails

Answer 19

c. splinter hemorrhages

Question 20

_____ are always be positioned lengthwise in the direction of growth.

a. Splinter hemorrhages
b. Hangnails
c. Koilonychia
d. Leukonychia

Answer 20

a. Splinter hemorrhages

Question 21

The disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl around to form a sharp cone at the free edge is called _____.

a. purogenic granuloma
b. trumpet nail
c. splinter hemorrhages
d. onychophagy

Answer 21

b. trumpet nail

Question 22

Moriah has a nail deformity. The general term for her condition is _____.

a. onyx
b. onychia
c. onychosis
d. onychophosis

Answer 22

c. onychosis

Question 23

Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shredding of the natural nail plate is known as _____.

a. onychia
b. onyx
c. fungi
d. flagella

Answer 23

a. onychia

Question 24

Which of the following is an infectious nail condition?

a. onychomycosis
b. nail psoriasis
c. onychocryptosis
d. onycholysis

Answer 24

a. onychomycosis

Question 25

_____ refers to a fungal infection of the nail.

a. Onychocryptosis
b. Onychopathology
c. Onychomycosis
d. Onychophagy

Answer 25

c. Onychomycosis

Question 26

Which parasite, under some conditions, can cause infections to the feet and hands?

a. Onychiosis
b. Flagella
c. Fungi
d. Plicature

Answer 26

c. Fungi

Question 27

If a cosmetologist provides a service to a client with a fungal infection, it is _____ that the cosmetologist will get that infection from the client.

a. extremely unlikely
b. possible
c. probable
d. extremely likely

Answer 27

a. extremely unlikely

Question 28

Discolorations of the nail plate from infections of the fingernails or toenails are usually the result of a _____.

a. mold
b. fungus
c. viral infection
d. bacterial infection

Answer 28

d. bacterial infection

Question 29

A naturally occurring skin bacterium that can grow out of control and cause nail infections, incorrectly referred to as mold, is _____.

a. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
b. paronychia granular
c. pyogenic granular
d. plicatured nails

Answer 29

a. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 30

In the early stages, a typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified as a _____.

a. yellow-green spot
b. nail deformity
c. separation of the nail
d. white, lengthwise ridge

Answer 30

a. yellow-green spot

Question 31

Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is called _____.

a. pyogenic granuloma
b. trumpet nail
c. splinter hemorrhages
d. onychophagy

Answer 31

a. pyogenic granuloma

Question 32

A friend shows you paperwork from a doctor stating that he has tinea pedis. What is his condition?

a. Scaling skin
b. Whitish patches on the nail
c. Athlete’s foot
d. Ingrown nails

Answer 32

c. Athlete’s foot

Question 33

Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate is an indication of _____.

a. local infection
b. ingrown nails
c. athlete’s foot
d. nail psoriasis

Answer 33

d. nail psoriasis

Question 34

An ingrown nail is called a(n) is called _____.

a. onychocryptosis
b. trumpet nail
c. onychomycosis
d. onychophagy

Answer 34

a. onychocryptosis

Question 35

The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is a sign of _____.

a. onychomadesis
b. nail psoriasis
c. eggshell nails
d. onycholysis

Answer 35

d. onycholysis

Question 36

_____ may be caused by an allergic reaction of the nail bed.

a. Onycholysis
b. Melanonychia
c. Onychophagy
d. Splinter hemorrhage

Answer 36

a. Onycholysis

Question 37

Onychomadesis is the separation and falling off of a nail plate and can typically be traced to _____.

a. darkening of nail
b. nail splitting
c. local infection
d. bitten nails

Answer 37

c. local infection