Ch 1 Flashcards
History and career opportunities
Cosmetology is defined as the ____ of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair.
A. Aesthetic
B. Art and science
C. Standards and codes
D. Technology
B. Art and science
The term cosmetology comes from the \_\_\_\_\_ word kosmeticos, meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics. A. Egyptian B. East Indian C. Greek D. Russian
C. Greek
Archaeological studies reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as the \_\_\_\_\_. A. Ice Age B. Golden Age of Greece C. Renaissance D. Victorian Age
A. Ice age
Ancient people around the world used animal hide _____.
A. as colorants for hair and skin
B. to tie hair back or for adornment
C. as head dresses to indicate social rank
D. as material for wigs
B. to tie hair back or for adornment
Studying the history of cosmetology can _____.
A. help you to understand that ancient and modern techniques are unrelated
B. expedite your educational path to becoming a professional
C. narrow your chosen field of study to one or two options
D. help you predict or understand current trends
D. help you predict or understand current trends
Which civilization is most known for using a variety of hairstyles as symbols of tribal traditions to
convey messages of age, marital status, power, and rank?
A. Chinese
B. African
C. Egyptian
D. Roman
B. African
Who were the first people to cultivate beauty with extravagant fashions and were the first to use
cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits?
A. The Indians
B. The Romans
C. The Egyptians
D. The Celtic
C. The Egyptians
Ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to infuse essential oils from \_\_\_\_\_ for use as perfumes and for purification purposes. A. rocks and minerals B. animal remains C. leaves and blossoms D. clay and sand
C. leaves and blossoms
Which queen erected a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea? A. Queen Nefertiti B. Queen Cleopatra C. Queen Elizabeth D. Queen Victoria
B. Queen Cleopatra
Which substance was created by ancient Egyptians from a mixture of ground galena (a black mineral), sulfur, and animal fat? A. Henna B. Lipstick C. Perfume D. Kohl
D. Khol
What were the royal colors of the Chou Dynasty (circa 1100 BC)? A. Gold and silver B. Blue and gold C. Red and gold D. Black and gold
A. Gold and silver
What mineral, considered the chief source of mercury, was ground into a fine powder and used to
make vermillion, a brilliant red pigment?
A. Iron
B. Cinnabar
C. Silver
D. Ruby
B. Cinnabar
In ancient Rome, women used hair color to indicate their class in society. What color did poor women use to dye their hair? A. Black B. Red C. Brown D. Blond
A. Black
The process of steam distillation was refined by Avicenna, a \_\_\_\_\_, around AD 1000. A. Greek philosopher B. Roman priest C. French mathematician D. Persian physician
D. Persian physician
What was the period in history during which Western civilization made the transition from medieval to modern history? A. The Middle Ages B. The Renaissance C. The Victorian Age D. The Industrial Age
B. The Renaissance
During the Renaissance, the unusual practice of shaving the eyebrows and hairline was performed to
show a greater expanse of forehead. A brow-less forehead was thought to give a woman a look of greater _____.
A. fertility
B. intelligence
C. height
D. wealth
B. intelligence
During which austere and restrictive period in British history (1837–1901) did Queen Victoria reign? A. Middle Ages B. Renaissance C. Victorian Age D. Twentieth Century
C. Victorian Age
Why did women pinch their cheeks and bite their lips during the Victorian Age? A. To punish themselves B. As a social custom C. To induce natural color D. As a nighttime ritual
C. To induce natural color
Who were the biggest trendsetters in beauty applications in the early twentieth century?
A. Motion picture producers
B. Major business owners in the industry
C. Inventors of new skin and hair products
D. Celebrities and society figures
D. Celebrities and society figures
Which Polish immigrant Americanized his name in 1908 and moved to Los Angeles, where he began making and selling makeup? A. Max Factor B. Charles Nessler C. Avicenna D. Charles Revson
A. Max Factor
What wrapping technique was introduced when women cut their hair into the short-bobbed style after World War I? A. Spiral wrapping B. Curling iron C. Croquignole D. Permanent waving
C. Croquignole
\_\_\_\_\_, the child of former slaves, was a pioneer in the modern African American hair care and cosmetics industry. A. Sarah Breedlove B. Francois Marcel C. Charles Nessler D. Gloria Swanson
A. Sarah Breedlove
Who invented the first curling iron in 1872? A. Max Factor B. Charles Nessler C. Marcel Grateau D. Charles Revson
C. Marcel Grateau
What year was the preheat-perm method introduced? A. 1931 B. 1932 C. 1935 D. 1938
A. 1931
What product was first marketed by Charles Revson in 1932, and glamorized by early screen sirens,
Jean Harlow and Gloria Swanson, in their early motion pictures?
A. Styling gel
B. Cake makeup
C. Nail polish
D. Permanent wave
C. Nail polish
Which New York chemist introduced the first permanent haircolor in 1932 and founded a company called Clairol in 1935? A. Trevor Sorbie B. Charles Revson C. Noel DeCaprio D. Lawrence Gelb
D. Lawrence Gelb
Cold waving, or permanent waving, was developed by scientists in 1941 as a new type of permanent
waving that did not use heat. What is the modern-day term for this waving lotion?
A. Alkaline perms
B. Cold wave
C. Texture services
D. Croquignole
A. Alkaline perms
Which group ushered in a new era of highlighting in the 1970s by introducing the art of hair weaving using aluminum foil? A. New York hairdressers B. French hairdressers C. London hairdressers D. Los Angeles hairdressers
B. French hairdressers
In 1985, a hairdresser, _____, led by his passion for his craft and environment, revolutionized the
beauty industry by inventing the world’s first ammonia-free haircolor.
A. Trevor Sorbie
B. Noel DeCaprio
C. Farouk Shami
D. Lawrence Gelb
C. Farouk Shami
Who coined the name “day spa” in the late 1980s? A. Trevor Sorbie B. Lawrence Gelb C. Farouk Shami D. Noel DeCaprio
D. Noel DeCaprio
Which activity is most important to a successful career, holds the key to individual development and
personal motivation, provides knowledge and builds confidence, and promotes career advancement?
A. Continuing education
B. Social networking
C. Career specialization
D. Trade show attendance
A. Continuing education
The salon industry depends heavily on its relationships with product distributors, which are referred to as \_\_\_\_\_. A. manufacturer educators B. distributor sales consultants C. directors of cosmetics D. directors of styles
B. distributor sales consultants
Cosmetologists may choose to specialize and work in a specific type of facility. Which facility would be least appropriate for a specialist? A. Day spa B. Full-service salon C. Photo or film set D. Massage clinic
D. Massage clinic
Your license will unlock countless doors for employment. However, your career must be _____.
A. focused primarily on haircutting
B. centered on social networking
C. fueled with personal dedication and passion
D. driven by competition and ambition
C. fueled with personal dedication and passion
