Ch. 6

Question 1

What are the three structural classifications of joints?

Answer 1

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Question 2

What are the three classifications of fibrous joints? and what are fibrous joints?

Answer 2

fixed or immobile joints that are connected by dense, tough connective tissue that
is rich in collagen fibers.

Sutures which are in the skull

Syndesmoses between long bones in the body.

Gomphosis joint found at the articulation between teeth and the sockets of the maxilla and mandible.

Question 3

What are cartilaginous joints?

Answer 3

Joints connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage. They allow more movement than fibrous joints but less than synovial joints.

Question 4

What are synovial joints?

Answer 4

Synovial joints ( diarthroses ) are the most movable joints of the body and contain synovial fluid

synovial fluid: A viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial
joints that reduces friction between the articular cartilage during movement.

Question 5

what is a ball and socket joint and an example in the body?

Answer 5

Movement on all planes (scapula, femur, humerus, and pelvis)

Question 6

What is a hinge joint and an example in the body?

Answer 6

Movement in one plane

Femur and tibia, humerus and ulna (elbow)

Question 7

what is the ellipsoidal or condylar joint and an example?

Answer 7

angular in two planes

Joint between the radius and the proximal carpal bones

Question 8

What is the pivot joint and an example?

Answer 8

Pivot joints only permit rotation in a single plane

Joint between the head of the radius and the proximal shaft of the ulna

Question 9

what is the gliding joint and an example

Answer 9

multidirectional in a single plane

ex joints at both ends of the clavicles

Question 10

what is the saddle joint and an example

Answer 10

movement in several planes

ex: thumb

Question 11

How many vertebrae are there and how are the seperated?

Answer 11

26 vertebrae

cervical 7
thoracic 12
lumbar 5
sacral 1
coccygeal 1

Question 12

Why is it bad to fracture C1 and C2

Answer 12

C1 allows you to nod your head and it holds your head up

C2 allows you to shake your head

Question 13

What Is osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

Answer 13

Osteoblasts- Builds new bone/bone producing cells in a process called ossification

Osteoclasts- cells removing matrix/secrete acids and enzymes that dissolve the bony matrix and release the stored minerals through osteolysis.

Question 14

What is the axial skeleton and how many bones?

Answer 14

80 bones divided into four categories.

22 bones of the skull

7 bones associated with the skull

25 bones of the thoracic cage

26 bones of the vertebral column

Question 15

What is the appendicular skeleton and how many bones?

Answer 15

the remaining 126

bones of the limbs and those of the pectoral and pelvic girdles which attach the limbs to the trunk.

32 with each upper limb

31 with each lower limb