Ch 54:Community Ecology

Question 1

Community

Answer 1

Species in any particular area

Question 2

Interspecific interactions

Answer 2

Any interaction between species

Question 3

Four Interactions:

Answer 3

Competition
Predation
Herbivory
Symbiosis

Question 4

Competition what is it and two types

Answer 4

interaction between two species for same resource. Interference - phusical interaction
Exploitative - consumption of resources

Question 5

Competition: Principal of competitive exclusion:

Answer 5

if there are two species competing for same resource– the one who is better at it will eliminate the other species

Question 6

Competition: Principal of resource partitioning:

Answer 6

if two species are using the same resource they will subdivide to avoid interaction

Question 7

Competition: Niche. what is it and what are two examples?

Answer 7

a niche is the total area an organism occupies and all of its resources
Fundamental
realized

Question 8

Competition: what is a fundamental niche?

Answer 8

this is the entire niche that an org. is CAPABLE of using

Question 9

Competition: what is a realized niche?

Answer 9

this is the ACTUAL niche the org. is occupying

Question 10

Predation:

Answer 10

when an org. eats another org.
predation
coevolution

Question 11

Predation: coevolution

Answer 11

when two species evolve alongside each other. (rabbits run faster -> prey evolves to run faster.

Question 12

What are two classes of prey defense?

Answer 12

Constitutive, Induced

Question 13

Prey defense: Constitutive

Answer 13

this is when an org has a fixed method of defense

Question 14

Prey defense: Induced

Answer 14

this when an org. has features it displays when prey is near

Question 15

Chemical defense

Answer 15

when an org is bitter, distastful or a toxic chem is used to deter pray

Question 16

Prey Defense: Cryptic Coloration

Answer 16

This is when an org is able to blend in with environment

Question 17

Prey Defense: Aposematic Coloration

Answer 17

Bright colors warn prey they are toxic (poison dart frog)

Question 18

Prey defense: Object Resemblance

Answer 18

this is when a org. looks like an object (stick bug)

Question 19

Prey defense: Flash Coloration

Answer 19

this is when an org. displays coloration or hidden markings to deter predator

Question 20

Prey Defense: Mimicry –what are two types?

Answer 20

Batesian, Müllerian

Question 21

Prey Defense: Mimicry: Batesian

Answer 21

Edible org. mimics non-edible org.

Question 22

Prey Defense: Mimicry: Müllerian

Answer 22

2 or more toxic orgs. resemble each other leading to group defense

Question 23

Herbivory:

Answer 23

animal who eats plants

Question 24

Symbiosis what is it and 3 types

Answer 24

when 2 or more org.s closely interact
parasitism
commensalism
mutualism

Question 25

(Symbiosis) Parasitism and 4 types

Answer 25

when one org benefits and other is harmed Ectoparasitism Endoparasitism Direct Transmission Indirect Transmission

Question 26

(Symbiosis) Parasitism: Ectoparasitism

Answer 26

External parasite (parasitic plant)

Question 27

(Symbiosis) Parasitism: Endoparasitism

Answer 27

internal parasite (tape worm)

Question 28

(Symbiosis) Parasitism: Direct Transmission

Answer 28

parasite moves from one host to another

Question 29

(Symbiosis) Parasitism: Indirect Transmission

Answer 29

parasite needs an intermediate vector to be transmitted to host

Question 30

ectoparasitism is a type of Parasitism which is is a type of symbiosis which is a type of interaction

Answer 30

t

Question 31

(Symbiosis) Commensalism

Answer 31

this is when one org benefits and the other is not harmed

Question 32

(Symbiosis) Mutualism

Answer 32

Both species benefit

Question 33

Species Diversity

Answer 33

this is the variety of different orgs. in area includes richness and abundance

Question 34

Species Richness is

Answer 34

of species in area

Question 35

Species Abundance is

Answer 35

the proportion of each species in community

Question 36

what is tropic structure? and what are two ways to represent this?

Answer 36

feeding relationships between orgs. food chain food webs

Question 37

there are limits on food chain length. what is the energetic hypothesis?

Answer 37

length of food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer

Question 38

Dominant species –

Answer 38

the species that are the most abundant or that collectively have the highest biomass. (bison)

Question 39

Keystone Species –

Answer 39

organisms whose effect on the community is greater than one would expect based on its abundance (wolves)