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Biology 2 > Ch 54:Community Ecology > Flashcards

Ch 54:Community Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

Community

A

Species in any particular area

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2
Q

Interspecific interactions

A

Any interaction between species

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3
Q

Four Interactions:

A

Competition
Predation
Herbivory
Symbiosis

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4
Q

Competition what is it and two types

A

interaction between two species for same resource. Interference - phusical interaction
Exploitative - consumption of resources

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5
Q

Competition: Principal of competitive exclusion:

A

if there are two species competing for same resource– the one who is better at it will eliminate the other species

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6
Q

Competition: Principal of resource partitioning:

A

if two species are using the same resource they will subdivide to avoid interaction

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7
Q

Competition: Niche. what is it and what are two examples?

A

a niche is the total area an organism occupies and all of its resources
Fundamental
realized

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8
Q

Competition: what is a fundamental niche?

A

this is the entire niche that an org. is CAPABLE of using

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9
Q

Competition: what is a realized niche?

A

this is the ACTUAL niche the org. is occupying

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10
Q

Predation:

A

when an org. eats another org.
predation
coevolution

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11
Q

Predation: coevolution

A

when two species evolve alongside each other. (rabbits run faster -> prey evolves to run faster.

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12
Q

What are two classes of prey defense?

A

Constitutive, Induced

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13
Q

Prey defense: Constitutive

A

this is when an org has a fixed method of defense

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14
Q

Prey defense: Induced

A

this when an org. has features it displays when prey is near

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15
Q

Chemical defense

A

when an org is bitter, distastful or a toxic chem is used to deter pray

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16
Q

Prey Defense: Cryptic Coloration

A

This is when an org is able to blend in with environment

17
Q

Prey Defense: Aposematic Coloration

A

Bright colors warn prey they are toxic (poison dart frog)

18
Q

Prey defense: Object Resemblance

A

this is when a org. looks like an object (stick bug)

19
Q

Prey defense: Flash Coloration

A

this is when an org. displays coloration or hidden markings to deter predator

20
Q

Prey Defense: Mimicry –what are two types?

A

Batesian, Müllerian

21
Q

Prey Defense: Mimicry: Batesian

A

Edible org. mimics non-edible org.

22
Q

Prey Defense: Mimicry: Müllerian

A

2 or more toxic orgs. resemble each other leading to group defense

23
Q

Herbivory:

A

animal who eats plants

24
Q

Symbiosis what is it and 3 types

A

when 2 or more org.s closely interact
parasitism
commensalism
mutualism

25
Q

(Symbiosis) Parasitism and 4 types

A

when one org benefits and other is harmed

Ectoparasitism
Endoparasitism
Direct Transmission
Indirect Transmission

26
Q

(Symbiosis) Parasitism: Ectoparasitism

A

External parasite (parasitic plant)

27
Q

(Symbiosis) Parasitism: Endoparasitism

A

internal parasite (tape worm)

28
Q

(Symbiosis) Parasitism: Direct Transmission

A

parasite moves from one host to another

29
Q

(Symbiosis) Parasitism: Indirect Transmission

A

parasite needs an intermediate vector to be transmitted to host

30
Q

ectoparasitism is a type of Parasitism which is is a type of symbiosis which is a type of interaction

A

t

31
Q

(Symbiosis) Commensalism

A

this is when one org benefits and the other is not harmed

32
Q

(Symbiosis) Mutualism

A

Both species benefit

33
Q

Species Diversity

A

this is the variety of different orgs. in area includes richness and abundance

34
Q

Species Richness is

A

of species in area

35
Q

Species Abundance is

A

the proportion of each species in community

36
Q

what is tropic structure? and what are two ways to represent this?

A

feeding relationships between orgs.
food chain
food webs

37
Q

there are limits on food chain length. what is the energetic hypothesis?

A

length of food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer

38
Q

Dominant species –

A

the species that are the most abundant or that collectively have the highest biomass. (bison)

39
Q

Keystone Species –

A

organisms whose effect on the community is greater than one would expect based on its abundance (wolves)

Biology 2 (21 decks)

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