Ch 34 Vertebrates

Question 1

What do all chordates have?

Answer 1

Single hollow nerve cord, noto cord, pharyngeal gill slits, post anal tail

Question 2

What are the 3 sub phyla of chordates?

Answer 2

Cephalochordata (Lancelet)
Urochordata (Tunicate)
Vertebrata

Question 3

Cephalochordata (Lancelet) characteristics: Their skin lacks

Answer 3

pigment and only have one layer of scales

Question 4

Cephalochordata (Lancelet) characteristics: No distinguishable

Answer 4

head

Question 5

Cephalochordata (Lancelet) characteristics: Pharyngeal slits used for

Answer 5

feeding

Question 6

Urochordata (Tunicate) characteristics: Only larva have ___ and Adult are ___

Answer 6

all 4 chordate characteristics and adult are sessile and have no major body cavity or segmentation

Question 7

Vertebrata characteristics: have neuro crest cells that are

Answer 7

a collection of cells that appears near the dorsal margins of the closing neural tube in an embryo.

Question 8

Vertebrata characteristics: Myomeres are____
True heart with at least___
Red blood cells with ____
Kidneys that remove____

Answer 8

striated muscles that are W shaped
2 chambers
hemoglobin
waste

Question 9

Myxini: Hagfish, are the ___ class of the vertebrates

Answer 9

1st

Question 10

Myxini: Hagfish
Have a skull made of\_\_\_\_
Have rudimentary\_\_\_\_
Agnathan meaning\_\_\_\_\_\_
Have small\_\_\_\_
Bottom-dwelling\_\_\_\_
Slime glands produces \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 10

Cartilage 
vertebrae
they have no jaw
brains, eyes, ears, and 1 nasal opening
scavengers
large amounts of slime

Question 11

Petromyzontidea are the ___ class of the vertebrates

Answer 11

2nd

Question 12

Petromyzontidea 
Agnathans Meaning\_\_\_
Have rudimentary \_\_\_\_
Parasites that\_\_\_\_
Larvae live in\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 12

No jaw
Vertebrae
feed on other fish
fresh water streams

Question 13

After Petromyzontidea, species develop ___

Answer 13

Jaws and mineralized skeletons

Question 14

Clade Gnathostomata:

True _______ that evolved from the skeletal rods that supported the anterior ______ _______.

Answer 14

Jaw, gill slits

Question 15

Clade Gnathostomata: Characteristics:
Teeth that allows for\_\_\_
Additional duplication of\_\_\_\_
Enlarged\_\_\_\_
Enhanced sense of\_\_\_
Lateral line system \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 15

Gripping and tearing food 
hoxgenes 
forbrain
smell and vision
which is an organ that is sensitive and can detect vibrations in the water

Question 16

Within the Gnathostomata, the Class Chondrichthyes have:
Tesserate (or prismatic) endoskeleton mineralization____
Pelvic claspers which are _____
Three groups:___, ____, ___

Answer 16

a condition inchich superficial layers of cartilage have crystalline calcium
the male structure used for reproduction
Sharks, rays and ratfish

Question 17

After the Gnathostomata, the clade Osteichthyes develop___

Answer 17

Lungs or lung like structures

Question 18

Osteichthyes

• Includes ______ ______& ___________.
• Endochondrial bone ____
• Have an Operculum_____
• Swim bladder which is an____ and to helps with____
• Slime glands that help with____

Answer 18

Boney fish and tertopods 
ossified endoskeleton
boney flap to protect gills 
air sac, boiency 
friction

Question 19

Within the Osteichthyes, the class Actinopterygii develop

Answer 19

ray fins

Question 20

After the Actinopterygii, the Sarcopterygii develop and are known for their___

Answer 20

Lobed fins

Question 21

Sarcopterygii’s Lobed- finns have what?

What are they a precursor to?

Answer 21

Muscles and bones, tetrapods

Question 22

What forms after Sarcopterygii and what develops?

Answer 22

Tetrapods, limbs with digits

Question 23

Tetrapods have
Four \_\_\_\_
Atlas\_\_\_\_
Pelvic girdle is\_\_\_\_\_
No gills and more efficient \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 23

Limbs with digits
vertabre that allows head to move up and down
fused with back bone
lungs

Question 24

Within tetrapods what is the first class to develop?

Answer 24

Amphibia

Question 25

Amphibia have Cutaneous respiration meaning____ Three-chambered heart for more efficient _________ _________.

Answer 25

They breathe through their skin | circulatory system

Question 26

Amphibia have three orders: Apoda which have– Urodela which are– Anurans which are-

Answer 26

No legs (caecillians) salamandars frogs and toads

Question 27

Anurans have Complete metamorphosis meaning

Answer 27

There is different morphology between larva and adult

Question 28

After Amphibia what emerges?

Answer 28

Clade Amniotes

Question 29

Amniotes are species that have what two characteristics

Answer 29

Amniotic Egg and Thoracic breathing

Question 30

Within aminotes, Clade Reptilia have: Production of ______ _____ Hard (beta) _________ _________.

Answer 30

uric acid | keratin scales

Question 31

Clade Diapsida are organisms that have ___

Answer 31

Holes in the sides of their heads where muscles attach to

Question 32

Diapsids consist of what 3 groups?

Answer 32

Chelonia Archosaurs lepidosaurs

Question 33

Diapsids: Chelonia are___ Archosaurs are___ lepidosaurs are___

Answer 33

Turtles crocodiles, dinosaurs and aves (birds) snakes and lizards

Question 34

Archosaurs: Crocodylia have Laterally compressed ______ Dorsal _______ Secondary ________

Answer 34

Tail - adapted for swimming nostrils - adapted for breathing palate - adapted for breathing

Question 35

``` Clade Archosaurs: Aves have Pneumatic bones meaning – Fused _______ Wings for _______ Feathers for ___ efficient respiratory systems that include_____ ```

Answer 35

``` they are bones filled with spaces bones that help with flying flight lift anterior and posterior air sacs that allow for continuous fresh oxygen ```

Question 36

Clade Reptilia/Diapsida: Lepidosauria have scales that are _____ Transverse _________ Tail ________

Answer 36

Impermeable to water cloaca autonomy - can grow new tails

Question 37

Clade Reptilia/Diapsida: Lepidosauria include what 3 groups?

Answer 37

- tuatara - lizards - snakes