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Biology 2 > Ch 28 > Flashcards

Ch 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the General characteristics of protists

A

Eukaryotic. Membrane bound organelles (they are not fungi, plants or animals)

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2
Q

T or F protists are fungi plants or animals

A

F

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3
Q

What are the 3 way protists arrangement themselves?

A

Unicellular, colonial and multi-cellular

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4
Q

What are 3 types of Locomotion of protists?

A

Flagella (tail), Clilia (hair like), Psuedopodia(large extensions of cell body)

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5
Q

What are 3 different ways Protists aquire Nutrition?

A

Photoautotrophs, Hetrotrophos, Mixotrophs

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6
Q

2 ways protists reproduce

A

Sexually and Asexually

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7
Q

Chlorarachniophytes are an example of what type of Endosymbiosis?

A

Secondary Endosymbiosis

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8
Q

What marine ameboflagellate evolved from eukaryote engulfing algae?

A

Chlorarachniophytes

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9
Q

How do Photoautotrophs obtain energy and what color are they?

A

Photosynthesis (usually green in color)

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10
Q

How do Heterotrophs obtain energy?

A

They absorb organic molecules/ingest food particles

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11
Q

How do Mixotrophs obtain energy?

A

They alternate between photosynthesis and absorbing molecules/food particles (euglena)

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12
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A

Engulfing food particles

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13
Q

Osmotrophs eat by…

A

Liquid nutrition

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14
Q

What is one telling sign the protist is photoautotrophic?

A

It is green in color

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15
Q

What are the 3 different ways Protist reproduce A Sexually?

A

Binary fission, Budding, Schizogony

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16
Q

Binary fission is when…

A

Cell splits into two new cells

17
Q

Budding is when…

A

Smaller daughter cell breaks off

18
Q

Schizogony is when…

A

Several cellular divisions (multiple meiosis) (EX:plasmodiom- protist that carries malaria)

19
Q

What are 3 important points about Sexual Reproduction

A

it results in haploid cells from a diploid cell
Major evolutionary innovation that arose in protists
Created greater genetic variation

20
Q

What are plastids?

A

Organelles found in cells (plants and algae) which are the site of manufacturing and storage of important chemical compounds

21
Q

How did red and green algae evolve into plastids?

A

They acquired a cyanobacterium

22
Q

How is the endosymobsis in the eukariotic evolution theory supported by evidence? (3 ways)

A
  1. Plastid DNA resembles cyanobactirum DNA
  2. Plastids are surrounded by 2 membranes
  3. Transport proteins in membranes are homologous to the membranes of cyanobactirum
23
Q

What is secondary endosymbiosis? and what is an example of this?

A

when endosimbiosis has occurred twice (EX: Chlorarachniophytes)

24
Q

What are the 5 super groups of protists?

A

Excavata, Chromalveolata, rhizaria, Archaeplastida, Unikonta

25
Q

What causes Red Tide?

A

Dinoflaglants

26
Q

What is Alternation of Generations?

A

a process that some protists go through. Alturnates between soprophyte stage and gametophyte stage

27
Q

What are Excavata? What is an example talked about in class?

A

Excavata are asymmetrical, single-celled organisms with a feeding groove “excavated” from one side. (geridia, tripnosoma-african sleeping sickness)

28
Q

What are Chromalveolata? What are some examples talked about in class?

A

Current evidence suggests that species classified as chromalveolates are derived from a common ancestor that engulfed a photosynthetic red algal cell, which itself had already evolved chloroplasts from an endosymbiotic relationship with a photosynthetic prokaryote. (diatoms, brown algae, plasmodiom)

29
Q

What are rhizaria?

A

amebia that have thread like phusedopodia

30
Q

Archaeplastida include what? What is their significance?

A

includes red and green algae (they are the sister taxa to land plants)

31
Q

Unikonta

A

group of amebia with globe shaped phusedopodia and non amebia protist that are closely related to fungi. also contains sister taxa for fungi and animals

32
Q

Dinoflagellates characteristics (4)

A

Have 2 uneaqule flagella,
most are photosynthetic,
some are bio luminescent
and they can be toxic

33
Q

Plasmodium characteristics (2)

A

Causes Maleria

and has a complex life cycle with mosquito

34
Q

Why do we think Choanoflagellates (unikonta) share a common ancestor with Animals? (2 Reasons)

A

we think this because:
the protist and sponges both have flagelated cells
and there is homology in the receptors

Biology 2 (21 decks)

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