Ch 28

Question 1

What are the General characteristics of protists

Answer 1

Eukaryotic. Membrane bound organelles (they are not fungi, plants or animals)

Question 2

T or F protists are fungi plants or animals

Answer 2

F

Question 3

What are the 3 way protists arrangement themselves?

Answer 3

Unicellular, colonial and multi-cellular

Question 4

What are 3 types of Locomotion of protists?

Answer 4

Flagella (tail), Clilia (hair like), Psuedopodia(large extensions of cell body)

Question 5

What are 3 different ways Protists aquire Nutrition?

Answer 5

Photoautotrophs, Hetrotrophos, Mixotrophs

Question 6

2 ways protists reproduce

Answer 6

Sexually and Asexually

Question 7

Chlorarachniophytes are an example of what type of Endosymbiosis?

Answer 7

Secondary Endosymbiosis

Question 8

What marine ameboflagellate evolved from eukaryote engulfing algae?

Answer 8

Chlorarachniophytes

Question 9

How do Photoautotrophs obtain energy and what color are they?

Answer 9

Photosynthesis (usually green in color)

Question 10

How do Heterotrophs obtain energy?

Answer 10

They absorb organic molecules/ingest food particles

Question 11

How do Mixotrophs obtain energy?

Answer 11

They alternate between photosynthesis and absorbing molecules/food particles (euglena)

Question 12

What is Phagocytosis?

Answer 12

Engulfing food particles

Question 13

Osmotrophs eat by…

Answer 13

Liquid nutrition

Question 14

What is one telling sign the protist is photoautotrophic?

Answer 14

It is green in color

Question 15

What are the 3 different ways Protist reproduce A Sexually?

Answer 15

Binary fission, Budding, Schizogony

Question 16

Binary fission is when…

Answer 16

Cell splits into two new cells

Question 17

Budding is when…

Answer 17

Smaller daughter cell breaks off

Question 18

Schizogony is when…

Answer 18

Several cellular divisions (multiple meiosis) (EX:plasmodiom- protist that carries malaria)

Question 19

What are 3 important points about Sexual Reproduction

Answer 19

it results in haploid cells from a diploid cell
Major evolutionary innovation that arose in protists
Created greater genetic variation

Question 20

What are plastids?

Answer 20

Organelles found in cells (plants and algae) which are the site of manufacturing and storage of important chemical compounds

Question 21

How did red and green algae evolve into plastids?

Answer 21

They acquired a cyanobacterium

Question 22

How is the endosymobsis in the eukariotic evolution theory supported by evidence? (3 ways)

Answer 22

1. Plastid DNA resembles cyanobactirum DNA
2. Plastids are surrounded by 2 membranes
3. Transport proteins in membranes are homologous to the membranes of cyanobactirum

Question 23

What is secondary endosymbiosis? and what is an example of this?

Answer 23

when endosimbiosis has occurred twice (EX: Chlorarachniophytes)

Question 24

What are the 5 super groups of protists?

Answer 24

Excavata, Chromalveolata, rhizaria, Archaeplastida, Unikonta

Question 25

What causes Red Tide?

Answer 25

Dinoflaglants

Question 26

What is Alternation of Generations?

Answer 26

a process that some protists go through. Alturnates between soprophyte stage and gametophyte stage

Question 27

What are Excavata? What is an example talked about in class?

Answer 27

Excavata are asymmetrical, single-celled organisms with a feeding groove “excavated” from one side. (geridia, tripnosoma-african sleeping sickness)

Question 28

What are Chromalveolata? What are some examples talked about in class?

Answer 28

Current evidence suggests that species classified as chromalveolates are derived from a common ancestor that engulfed a photosynthetic red algal cell, which itself had already evolved chloroplasts from an endosymbiotic relationship with a photosynthetic prokaryote. (diatoms, brown algae, plasmodiom)

Question 29

What are rhizaria?

Answer 29

amebia that have thread like phusedopodia

Question 30

Archaeplastida include what? What is their significance?

Answer 30

includes red and green algae (they are the sister taxa to land plants)

Question 31

Unikonta

Answer 31

group of amebia with globe shaped phusedopodia and non amebia protist that are closely related to fungi. also contains sister taxa for fungi and animals

Question 32

Dinoflagellates characteristics (4)

Answer 32

Have 2 uneaqule flagella, most are photosynthetic, some are bio luminescent and they can be toxic

Question 33

Plasmodium characteristics (2)

Answer 33

Causes Maleria | and has a complex life cycle with mosquito

Question 34

Why do we think Choanoflagellates (unikonta) share a common ancestor with Animals? (2 Reasons)

Answer 34

we think this because: the protist and sponges both have flagelated cells and there is homology in the receptors