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AP Psychology > Ch. 5 - Variations in Consciousness > Flashcards

Ch. 5 - Variations in Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Alcohol

A

A variety of beverages containing ethyl alcohol.

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2
Q

Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)

A

The afferent fibers running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal.

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3
Q

Biological rhythms

A

Periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning.

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4
Q

Cannabis

A

The hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived.

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5
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species.

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6
Q

Dissociation

A

A splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness.

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7
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

A device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp.

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8
Q

Electromyograph (EMG)

A

A device that records muscular activity and tension.

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9
Q

Electrooculograph (EOG)

A

A device that records eye movements.

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10
Q

Hallucinogens

A

A diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most prominently by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.

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11
Q

Hypnosis

A

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility.

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12
Q

Insomnia

A

Chronic problems in getting adequate sleep.

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13
Q

Latent content

A

According to Freud, the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in a dream.

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14
Q

Lucid dreams

A

Dreams in which people can think clearly about the circumstances of waking life and the fact that they are dreaming, yet they remain asleep in the midst of a vivid dream.

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15
Q

Manifest content

A

According to Freud, the plot of a dream at a surface level.

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16
Q

MDMA

A

A compound drug related to both amphetamines and hallucinogens, especially mescaline; commonly called ecstasy.

17
Q

Meditation

A

A family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a nonanalytical way.

18
Q

Narcotics

A

Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain.

19
Q

Neurogenesis

A

The formation of new neurons in the brain.

20
Q

Night terrors

A

Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic.

21
Q

Nightmares

A

Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep.

22
Q

Non-REM (NREM) sleep

A

Sleep stages 1 through 4, which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity.

23
Q

Opiates

A

Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain. See Narcotics.

24
Q

Physical dependence

A

The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness.

25
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning.

26
Q

Psychological dependence

A

The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug.

27
Q

REM sleep

A

A deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high-frequency brain waves, and dreaming.

28
Q

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

A

A sleep problem marked by potentially troublesome dream enactments during REM periods.

29
Q

Sedatives

A

Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

30
Q

Sleep apnea

A

A sleep disorder characterized by frequent reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep.

31
Q

Slow-wave sleep (SWS)

A

Sleep stages 3 and 4, during which low-frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings.

32
Q

Somnambulism (sleepwalking)

A

Arising and wandering about while remaining asleep.

33
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

34
Q

Tolerance

A

A progressive decrease in a person’s responsiveness to a drug.

AP Psychology (16 decks)

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