Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psychology > Ch. 12 - Personality > Flashcards

Ch. 12 - Personality Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Archetypes

A

According to Jung, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Behaviorism

A

A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Collective unconscious

A

According to Jung, a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people’s ancestral past.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Collectivism

A

Putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one’s identity in terms of the groups one belongs to.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Compensation

A

According to Adler, efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one’s abilities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Conscious

A

Whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Displacement

A

Diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substitute target.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ego

A

According to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Factor analysis

A

Statistical analysis of correlations among many variables to identify closely related clusters of variables.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fixation

A

According to Freud, failure to move forward from one psychosexual stage to another as expected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Maslow’s systematic arrangement of needs according to priority, which assumes that basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hindsight bias

A

The tendency to mold one’s interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Humanism

A

A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Id

A

According to Freud, the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Identification

A

Bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Incongruence

A

The degree of disparity between one’s self-concept and one’s actual experience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Individualism

A

Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Model

A

A person whose behavior is observed by another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mortality salience

A

The degree to which subjects’ mortality is prominent in their minds.

21
Q

Narcissism

A

A personality trait marked by an inflated sense of importance, a need for attention and admiration, a sense of entitlement, and a tendency to exploit others.

22
Q

Need for self-actualization

A

The need to fulfill one’s potential.

23
Q

Observational learning

A

A type of learning that occurs when an organism’s responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models.

24
Q

Oedipal complex

A

According to Freud, children’s manifestation of erotically tinged desires for their opposite-sex parent, accompanied by feelings of hostility toward their same-sex parent.

25
Q

Personal unconscious

A

According to Jung, the level of awareness that houses material that is not within one’s conscious awareness because it has been repressed or forgotten.

26
Q

Personality

A

An individual’s unique set of consistent behavioral traits.

27
Q

Personality trait

A

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations.

28
Q

Pleasure principle

A

According to Freud, the principle upon which the id operates, demanding immediate gratification of its urges.

29
Q

Preconscious

A

According to Freud, the level of awareness that contains material just beneath the surface of conscious awareness that can easily be retrieved.

30
Q

Projection

A

Attributing one’s own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another.

31
Q

Projective tests

A

Psychological tests that ask subjects to respond to vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that may reveal the subjects’ needs, feelings, and personality traits.

32
Q

Psychodynamic theories

A

All the diverse theories descended from the work of Sigmund Freud that focus on unconscious mental forces.

33
Q

Psychosexual stages

A

According to Freud, developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that leave their mark on adult personality.

34
Q

Rationalization

A

Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior.

35
Q

Reaction formation

A

Behaving in a way that’s exactly the opposite of one’s true feelings.

36
Q

Reality principle

A

According to Freud, the principle on which the ego operates, which seeks to delay gratification of the id’s urges until appropriate outlets and situations can be found.

37
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

The assumption that internal mental events, external environmental events, and overt behavior all influence each other.

38
Q

Regression

A

A reversion to immature patterns of behavior.

39
Q

Repression

A

Keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious.

40
Q

Self-actualizing persons

A

People with exceptionally healthy personalities, marked by continued personal growth.

41
Q

Self-concept

A

A collection of beliefs about one’s own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior.

42
Q

Self-efficacy

A

One’s belief about one’s ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes.

43
Q

Self-enhancement

A

Focusing on positive feedback from others, exaggerating one’s strengths, and seeing oneself as above average.

44
Q

Self-report inventories

A

Personality tests that ask individuals to answer a series of questions about their characteristic behavior.

45
Q

Striving for superiority

A

According to Adler, the universal drive to adapt, improve oneself, and master life’s challenges.

46
Q

Sublimation

A

A defense mechanism in which unconscious, unacceptable impulses are channeled into socially acceptable, perhaps even admirable, behaviors.

47
Q

Superego

A

According to Freud, the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong.

48
Q

Unconscious

A

According to Freud, thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.

AP Psychology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions