Ch. 16 - Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Antianxiety drugs

Answer 1

Medications that relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness.

Question 2

Antidepressant drugs

Answer 2

Medications that gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression.

Question 3

Antipsychotic drugs

Answer 3

Medications used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions.

Question 4

Aversion therapy

Answer 4

A behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response.

Question 5

Behavior therapies

Answer 5

Application of the principles of learning to direct efforts to change clients’ maladaptive behaviors.

Question 6

Biomedical therapies

Answer 6

Physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders.

Question 7

Client-centered therapy

Answer 7

An insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy.

Question 8

Clinical psychologists

Answer 8

Psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems.

Question 9

Cognitive therapy

Answer 9

An insight therapy that emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs.

Question 10

Cognitive-behavioral treatments

Answer 10

A varied combination of verbal interventions and behavior modification techniques used to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking.

Question 11

Counseling psychologists

Answer 11

Psychologists who specialize in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.

Question 12

Couples (marital) therapy

Answer 12

The treatment of both partners in a committed, intimate relationship, in which the main focus is on relationship issues.

Question 13

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Answer 13

A treatment approach that involves a thin electrode being surgically implanted in the brain and connected to an implanted pulse generator so that various electrical currents can be delivered to brain tissue adjacent to the electrode.

Question 14

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 14

Transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care.

Question 15

Dream analysis

Answer 15

A psychoanalytic technique in which the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client’s dreams.

Question 16

Eclecticism

Answer 16

In psychotherapy, drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one system.

Question 17

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 17

A biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions.

Question 18

Exposure therapies

Answer 18

An approach to behavior therapy in which clients are confronted with situations that they fear so that they learn that these situations are really harmless.

Question 19

Family therapy

Answer 19

The treatment of a family unit as a whole, in which the main focus is on family dynamics and communication.

Question 20

Free association

Answer 20

A psychoanalytic technique in which clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur, with as little censorship as possible.

Question 21

Group therapy

Answer 21

The simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group.

Question 22

Insight therapies

Answer 22

Psychotherapy methods characterized by verbal interactions intended to enhance clients’ self-knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior.

Question 23

Interpretation

Answer 23

In psychoanalysis, the therapist’s attempts to explain the inner significance of the client’s thoughts, feelings, memories, and behaviors.

Question 24

Marital therapy

Answer 24

The treatment of both partners in a committed, intimate relationship, in which the main focus is on relationship issues. See Couples therapy.

Question 25

Mental hospital

Answer 25

A medical institution specializing in providing inpatient care for psychological disorders.

Question 26

Mood stabilizers

Answer 26

Drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders.

Question 27

Placebo effects

Answer 27

The fact that subjects’ expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they receive an empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment.

Question 28

Positive psychology

Answer 28

An approach to psychology that uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence.

Question 29

Psychiatrists

Answer 29

Physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

Question 30

Psychoanalysis

Answer 30

An insight therapy that emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses through techniques such as free association and transference.

Question 31

Psychopharmacotherapy

Answer 31

The treatment of mental disorders with medication.

Question 32

Regression toward the mean

Answer 32

Effect that occurs when people who score extremely high or low on some trait are measured a second time and their new score falls closer to the mean (average).

Question 33

Resistance

Answer 33

Largely unconscious defensive maneuvers a client uses to hinder the progress of therapy.

Question 34

Social skills training

Answer 34

A behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasizes shaping, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal.

Question 35

Spontaneous remission

Answer 35

Recovery from a disorder without formal treatment.

Question 36

Systematic desensitization

Answer 36

A behavior therapy used to reduce clients’ anxiety responses through counterconditioning.

Question 37

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 37

A neurological disorder marked by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements.

Question 38

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 38

A technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain.

Question 39

Transference

Answer 39

In therapy, the phenomenon that occurs when clients start relating to their therapists in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives.