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AP Psychology > Ch. 15 - Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Ch. 15 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Agoraphobia

A

A fear of going out to public places.

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2
Q

Anhedonia

A

A diminished ability to experience pleasure.

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3
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and dangerous measures to lose weight.

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4
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

A type of personality disorder marked by impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and irresponsible behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms.

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5
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

A class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety.

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6
Q

Binge-eating disorder

A

Distress-induced eating binges that are not accompanied by the purging, fasting, and excessive exercise seen in bulimia.

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7
Q

Bipolar disorder (formerly known as manic-depressive disorder)

A

Mood disorder marked by the experience of both depressed and manic periods.

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8
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by habitually engaging in out-of-control overeating followed by unhealthy compensatory efforts, such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics, and excessive exercise.

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9
Q

Catatonic schizophrenia

A

A type of schizophrenia marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity.

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10
Q

Comorbidity

A

The coexistence of two or more disorders.

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11
Q

Concordance rate

A

The percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives that exhibit the same disorder.

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12
Q

Culture-bound disorders

A

Abnormal syndromes found only in a few cultural groups.

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13
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs that are maintained even though they are clearly out of touch with reality.

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14
Q

Diagnosis

A

Distinguishing one illness from another.

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15
Q

Disorganized schizophrenia

A

A type of schizophrenia in which particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen.

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16
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

A sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting.

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17
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

A class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity.

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18
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

A disorder in which people lose their memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity.

19
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

A type of dissociative disorder characterized by the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities. Also called multiple-personality disorder.

20
Q

Eating disorders

A

Severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with weight concerns and unhealthy efforts to control weight.

21
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population.

22
Q

Etiology

A

The apparent causation and developmental history of an illness.

23
Q

Expressed emotion (EE)

A

The degree to which a relative of a patient displays highly critical or emotionally overinvolved attitudes toward the patient.

24
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

A psychological disorder marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat.

25
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus, or gross distortions of perceptual input.

26
Q

Insanity

A

A legal status indicating that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actions because of mental illness.

27
Q

Involuntary commitment

A

A civil proceeding in which people are hospitalized in psychiatric facilities against their will.

28
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure.

29
Q

Manic-depressive disorder

A

Mood disorder marked by the experience of both depressed and manic periods. See Bipolar disorder.

30
Q

Medical model

A

The view that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease.

31
Q

Mood disorders

A

A class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes.

32
Q

Multiple-personality disorder

A

A type of dissociative disorder characterized by the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities. See Dissociative identity disorder.

33
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech.

34
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

A type of anxiety disorder marked by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions).

35
Q

Panic disorder

A

A type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly.

36
Q

Paranoid schizophrenia

A

A type of schizophrenia that is dominated by delusions of persecution along with delusions of grandeur.

37
Q

Personality disorders

A

A class of psychological disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning.

38
Q

Phobic disorder

A

A type of anxiety disorder marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger.

39
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas.

40
Q

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

Disturbed behavior that is attributed to a major stressful event but that emerges after the stress is over.

41
Q

Prevalence

A

The percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period.

42
Q

Prognosis

A

A forecast about the probable course of an illness.

43
Q

Schizophrenic disorders

A

A class of psychological disorders marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes.

44
Q

Undifferentiated schizophrenia

A

A type of schizophrenia marked by idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms.

AP Psychology (16 decks)

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