Ch. 15 - Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Agoraphobia

Answer 1

A fear of going out to public places.

Question 2

Anhedonia

Answer 2

A diminished ability to experience pleasure.

Question 3

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 3

Eating disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and dangerous measures to lose weight.

Question 4

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 4

A type of personality disorder marked by impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and irresponsible behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms.

Question 5

Anxiety disorders

Answer 5

A class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety.

Question 6

Binge-eating disorder

Answer 6

Distress-induced eating binges that are not accompanied by the purging, fasting, and excessive exercise seen in bulimia.

Question 7

Bipolar disorder (formerly known as manic-depressive disorder)

Answer 7

Mood disorder marked by the experience of both depressed and manic periods.

Question 8

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 8

Eating disorder characterized by habitually engaging in out-of-control overeating followed by unhealthy compensatory efforts, such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics, and excessive exercise.

Question 9

Catatonic schizophrenia

Answer 9

A type of schizophrenia marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity.

Question 10

Comorbidity

Answer 10

The coexistence of two or more disorders.

Question 11

Concordance rate

Answer 11

The percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives that exhibit the same disorder.

Question 12

Culture-bound disorders

Answer 12

Abnormal syndromes found only in a few cultural groups.

Question 13

Delusions

Answer 13

False beliefs that are maintained even though they are clearly out of touch with reality.

Question 14

Diagnosis

Answer 14

Distinguishing one illness from another.

Question 15

Disorganized schizophrenia

Answer 15

A type of schizophrenia in which particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen.

Question 16

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 16

A sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting.

Question 17

Dissociative disorders

Answer 17

A class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity.

Question 18

Dissociative fugue

Answer 18

A disorder in which people lose their memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity.

Question 19

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 19

A type of dissociative disorder characterized by the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities. Also called multiple-personality disorder.

Question 20

Eating disorders

Answer 20

Severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with weight concerns and unhealthy efforts to control weight.

Question 21

Epidemiology

Answer 21

The study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population.

Question 22

Etiology

Answer 22

The apparent causation and developmental history of an illness.

Question 23

Expressed emotion (EE)

Answer 23

The degree to which a relative of a patient displays highly critical or emotionally overinvolved attitudes toward the patient.

Question 24

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 24

A psychological disorder marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat.

Question 25

Hallucinations

Answer 25

Sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus, or gross distortions of perceptual input.

Question 26

Insanity

Answer 26

A legal status indicating that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actions because of mental illness.

Question 27

Involuntary commitment

Answer 27

A civil proceeding in which people are hospitalized in psychiatric facilities against their will.

Question 28

Major depressive disorder

Answer 28

Mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure.

Question 29

Manic-depressive disorder

Answer 29

Mood disorder marked by the experience of both depressed and manic periods. See Bipolar disorder.

Question 30

Medical model

Answer 30

The view that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease.

Question 31

Mood disorders

Answer 31

A class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes.

Question 32

Multiple-personality disorder

Answer 32

A type of dissociative disorder characterized by the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities. See Dissociative identity disorder.

Question 33

Negative symptoms

Answer 33

Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech.

Question 34

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 34

A type of anxiety disorder marked by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions).

Question 35

Panic disorder

Answer 35

A type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly.

Question 36

Paranoid schizophrenia

Answer 36

A type of schizophrenia that is dominated by delusions of persecution along with delusions of grandeur.

Question 37

Personality disorders

Answer 37

A class of psychological disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning.

Question 38

Phobic disorder

Answer 38

A type of anxiety disorder marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger.

Question 39

Positive symptoms

Answer 39

Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas.

Question 40

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 40

Disturbed behavior that is attributed to a major stressful event but that emerges after the stress is over.

Question 41

Prevalence

Answer 41

The percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period.

Question 42

Prognosis

Answer 42

A forecast about the probable course of an illness.

Question 43

Schizophrenic disorders

Answer 43

A class of psychological disorders marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes.

Question 44

Undifferentiated schizophrenia

Answer 44

A type of schizophrenia marked by idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms.