Ch. 5 Integumentary Flashcards
In which layer are keratinocytes of the epidermis generated?
The Stratum Basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis.
Mitosis of stem cells within this layer gives rise to the keratinocytes that comprise most of the cells of the superficial layers of the epidermis.
Which cell type found in the epidermis is associated with immune system defenses?
Dendritic Cells ingest foreign substances and are key activators of our immune system.
The deeper region of the dermis is formed primarily of which tissue type?
Dense Irregular Connective tissue forms the reticular layer of the dermis.
Which of the following are not found in the dermis?
Keratinocytes
Fibroblasts
Tactile Corpuscles
Blood Vessels
Keratinocytes occupy the epidermis.
What pigment is localized within the dermis?
Hemoglobin is a red pigment found circulating through the dermal cappilaries.
Which of the following is found outside the wall of the hair follicle?
Arrector Pili
Melanocytes
Cortex
Hair Papilla
Arrector Pili muscles pull the hair follicle upright.
Which epidermal cell type is most numerous?
Keratinocyte
Which cell functions as part of the immune system?
Dendritic cell
The epidermis provides a physical barrier largely because of ?
Keratin
Skin color is determined by ?
The amount of blood
Pigments
Oxygenation level
The sensation of touch and pressure are picked up by receptors located in the ?
Dermis
Which is not a true statement about the papillary dermis?
A) It is largely areolar tissue
B) It is responsible for skin toughness
C) It contains nerve endings
D) It is highly vascular
It is NOT largely responsible for toughness of skin
Which of the following is not an epidermal derivative?
Hair
Sweat gland
Sensory receptor
Sebaceous gland
Sensory receptor
An arrector pili muscle can cause ?
A hair to stand up straight
The product of this type of sweat gland includes protein and lipid substances that become odoriferous as a result of bacterial action:
Apocrine gland
3 things about Sebum:
Lubricates surface of skin & hair
Consists of cell fragments and fatty substances
In excess may cause seborrhea
Why does the skin wrinkle?
Due to the loss of elastic tissue and hastened by sun exposure
Which epidermal cells contain keratohyaline and lamellar granules?
Stratum Granulosum cytoplasm
Which type of skin cancer develops from the youngest keratinocytes?
Basal cell carcinoma arises within the stratum basale
Both hair and nails are hardened by which of the following substances?
Keratin
Melanin
Collagen
Calcium salts
Keratin is a fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, and nails
Which cutaneous glands produce an oily secretion in hair follicles?
Sebaceous glands
Eccrine sweat gland secretions serve which primary function?
Cool the skin surface by evaporation
Which of the following contributes to the function of skin as a physical barrier?
Keratin
Low pH
Defensins
Keratinized cells provide a physical barrier by hardening and water-proofing the skin, particularly in the stratum corneum
The ___ provides mechanical strength to the skin.
Dermis
___ secretion contains bacteria killing substances.
Sebaceous glands
What does ABCD mean in reference to examination of pigmented areas?
Assymetry, Border irregularity, Color, Diameter
What is the “hairy cloak” of the fetus?
Lanugo
What is the oily substance produced by the fetus’s sebaceous glands?
Vernix caeseosa
What are the small white bumps on the skin of newborns?
Milia
Which epidermal layer has a high concentration of Langerhan’s cells and has numerous desmosomes and thick bundles of keratin?
Stratum lucidum
What is the major factor accounting for the waterproof nature of skin?
Glycolipid between stratum corneum cells
Contraction of the arrector pili would be sensed by ?
Hair follicle receptors
A lesion on a patient’s face appears as a shiny, raised spot while another appears ulcerated with beaded edges. What is it?
Basal cell carcinoma
The reticular layer of the dermis is most important in providing ___ and ___.
Strength and elasticity to the skin; Toughness to the skin
Dendritic cells are also called ?
Langerhans cells
Tactile epithelial cells are also called ?
Merkel cells
Where are Merkel cells located?
Epidermal-Dermal junction
What epidermal layer is only found in thick skin?
Stratum lucidum
Skin cells secrete natural antibiotics called ?
Defensins
Which corpuscle lies within the papillary layer and allows us to become aware of our clothing against our skin?
Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles
Which corpuscle in the deeper dermis alert us to bumps or deep pressure?
Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles
In the Stratum corneum, dead keratinocytes secrete ___ to fight pathogens.
Defensins
In what dermal layer are Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles located?
Papillary
In what dermal layer are Pacinian corpuscles located?
Reticular
What do Meissner corpuscles detect?
Fine touch
What do Pacinian corpuscles detect?
Pressure and vibration
Which sudoriferous gland secretes Dermicidin in it’s sweat?
Eccrine
What are two types of modified Aporcine sweat glands?
Ceruminous glands and mammary glands
Squamous cell carcinoma involves what layer of the epidermis?
Stratum spinosum
Sebaceous glands occur over the entire body, with the exception of ?
The palms and soles of the feet
Sebaceous glands belong to which class of gland?
Simple branched alveolar
The deeper reticular layer, which accounts for about 80% of the thickness of the dermis, is composed of ___ ___ connective tissue.
Dense irregular
The epidermis is composed of which type of tissue?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue
What is the primary function of melanin?
To provide protection against the sun’s UV rays
What is the correct sequence of epidermal layers of thick skin, from deep to superficial?
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
The ___ ___ contain a waterproofing glycolipid that is secreted into the intercellular space and is the major factor in slowing water loss across the epidermis.
Lamellar granules
Which integumentary gland is believed to function as a sexual scent gland?
Apocrine sudoriferous gland
What structures are primarily responsible for fingerprints?
Epidermal ridges and sweat pores
Which of the thick skin strata is the thickest?
Stratum corneum
Skin eruption produced by dilated small blood vessels of the face may indicate ____, especially when it appears to worsen in conjunction with intake of alcohol, spicy foods, or after a hot bath or sun exposure.
Rosacea
Which of the layers of the epidermis is avascular and relies on capillaries in the underlying connective tissue to provide nutrients?
Stratum basale
Keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum are known as ?
Prickle cells
