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SAC A&P I > Ch. 5 Integumentary > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

In which layer are keratinocytes of the epidermis generated?

A

The Stratum Basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis.

Mitosis of stem cells within this layer gives rise to the keratinocytes that comprise most of the cells of the superficial layers of the epidermis.

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2
Q

Which cell type found in the epidermis is associated with immune system defenses?

A

Dendritic Cells ingest foreign substances and are key activators of our immune system.

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3
Q

The deeper region of the dermis is formed primarily of which tissue type?

A

Dense Irregular Connective tissue forms the reticular layer of the dermis.

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4
Q

Which of the following are not found in the dermis?

Keratinocytes
Fibroblasts
Tactile Corpuscles
Blood Vessels

A

Keratinocytes occupy the epidermis.

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5
Q

What pigment is localized within the dermis?

A

Hemoglobin is a red pigment found circulating through the dermal cappilaries.

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6
Q

Which of the following is found outside the wall of the hair follicle?

Arrector Pili
Melanocytes
Cortex
Hair Papilla

A

Arrector Pili muscles pull the hair follicle upright.

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7
Q

Which epidermal cell type is most numerous?

A

Keratinocyte

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8
Q

Which cell functions as part of the immune system?

A

Dendritic cell

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9
Q

The epidermis provides a physical barrier largely because of ?

A

Keratin

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10
Q

Skin color is determined by ?

A

The amount of blood
Pigments
Oxygenation level

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11
Q

The sensation of touch and pressure are picked up by receptors located in the ?

A

Dermis

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12
Q

Which is not a true statement about the papillary dermis?

A) It is largely areolar tissue
B) It is responsible for skin toughness
C) It contains nerve endings
D) It is highly vascular

A

It is NOT largely responsible for toughness of skin

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13
Q

Which of the following is not an epidermal derivative?

Hair
Sweat gland
Sensory receptor
Sebaceous gland

A

Sensory receptor

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14
Q

An arrector pili muscle can cause ?

A

A hair to stand up straight

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15
Q

The product of this type of sweat gland includes protein and lipid substances that become odoriferous as a result of bacterial action:

A

Apocrine gland

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16
Q

3 things about Sebum:

A

Lubricates surface of skin & hair
Consists of cell fragments and fatty substances
In excess may cause seborrhea

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17
Q

Why does the skin wrinkle?

A

Due to the loss of elastic tissue and hastened by sun exposure

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18
Q

Which epidermal cells contain keratohyaline and lamellar granules?

A

Stratum Granulosum cytoplasm

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19
Q

Which type of skin cancer develops from the youngest keratinocytes?

A

Basal cell carcinoma arises within the stratum basale

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20
Q

Both hair and nails are hardened by which of the following substances?

Keratin
Melanin
Collagen
Calcium salts

A

Keratin is a fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, and nails

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21
Q

Which cutaneous glands produce an oily secretion in hair follicles?

A

Sebaceous glands

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22
Q

Eccrine sweat gland secretions serve which primary function?

A

Cool the skin surface by evaporation

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23
Q

Which of the following contributes to the function of skin as a physical barrier?

Keratin
Low pH
Defensins

A

Keratinized cells provide a physical barrier by hardening and water-proofing the skin, particularly in the stratum corneum

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24
Q

The ___ provides mechanical strength to the skin.

A

Dermis

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25
Q

___ secretion contains bacteria killing substances.

A

Sebaceous glands

26
Q

What does ABCD mean in reference to examination of pigmented areas?

A

Assymetry, Border irregularity, Color, Diameter

27
Q

What is the “hairy cloak” of the fetus?

A

Lanugo

28
Q

What is the oily substance produced by the fetus’s sebaceous glands?

A

Vernix caeseosa

29
Q

What are the small white bumps on the skin of newborns?

A

Milia

30
Q

Which epidermal layer has a high concentration of Langerhan’s cells and has numerous desmosomes and thick bundles of keratin?

A

Stratum lucidum

31
Q

What is the major factor accounting for the waterproof nature of skin?

A

Glycolipid between stratum corneum cells

32
Q

Contraction of the arrector pili would be sensed by ?

A

Hair follicle receptors

33
Q

A lesion on a patient’s face appears as a shiny, raised spot while another appears ulcerated with beaded edges. What is it?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

34
Q

The reticular layer of the dermis is most important in providing ___ and ___.

A

Strength and elasticity to the skin; Toughness to the skin

35
Q

Dendritic cells are also called ?

A

Langerhans cells

36
Q

Tactile epithelial cells are also called ?

A

Merkel cells

37
Q

Where are Merkel cells located?

A

Epidermal-Dermal junction

38
Q

What epidermal layer is only found in thick skin?

A

Stratum lucidum

39
Q

Skin cells secrete natural antibiotics called ?

A

Defensins

40
Q

Which corpuscle lies within the papillary layer and allows us to become aware of our clothing against our skin?

A

Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles

41
Q

Which corpuscle in the deeper dermis alert us to bumps or deep pressure?

A

Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles

42
Q

In the Stratum corneum, dead keratinocytes secrete ___ to fight pathogens.

A

Defensins

43
Q

In what dermal layer are Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles located?

A

Papillary

44
Q

In what dermal layer are Pacinian corpuscles located?

A

Reticular

45
Q

What do Meissner corpuscles detect?

A

Fine touch

46
Q

What do Pacinian corpuscles detect?

A

Pressure and vibration

47
Q

Which sudoriferous gland secretes Dermicidin in it’s sweat?

A

Eccrine

48
Q

What are two types of modified Aporcine sweat glands?

A

Ceruminous glands and mammary glands

49
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma involves what layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum spinosum

50
Q

Sebaceous glands occur over the entire body, with the exception of ?

A

The palms and soles of the feet

51
Q

Sebaceous glands belong to which class of gland?

A

Simple branched alveolar

52
Q

The deeper reticular layer, which accounts for about 80% of the thickness of the dermis, is composed of ___ ___ connective tissue.

A

Dense irregular

53
Q

The epidermis is composed of which type of tissue?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

54
Q

What is the primary function of melanin?

A

To provide protection against the sun’s UV rays

55
Q

What is the correct sequence of epidermal layers of thick skin, from deep to superficial?

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

56
Q

The ___ ___ contain a waterproofing glycolipid that is secreted into the intercellular space and is the major factor in slowing water loss across the epidermis.

A

Lamellar granules

57
Q

Which integumentary gland is believed to function as a sexual scent gland?

A

Apocrine sudoriferous gland

58
Q

What structures are primarily responsible for fingerprints?

A

Epidermal ridges and sweat pores

59
Q

Which of the thick skin strata is the thickest?

A

Stratum corneum

60
Q

Skin eruption produced by dilated small blood vessels of the face may indicate ____, especially when it appears to worsen in conjunction with intake of alcohol, spicy foods, or after a hot bath or sun exposure.

A

Rosacea

61
Q

Which of the layers of the epidermis is avascular and relies on capillaries in the underlying connective tissue to provide nutrients?

A

Stratum basale

62
Q

Keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum are known as ?

A

Prickle cells

SAC A&P I (13 decks)

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