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SAC A&P I > Ch. 12 CNS > Flashcards

Ch. 12 CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What structure connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus collosum

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2
Q

Where is the arbor vitae located?

A

Cerebellum

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3
Q

Which region of the brain is necessary for consciousness?

A

Cerebrum

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4
Q

Name cranial nerve I.

A

Olfactory nerve

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5
Q

Which of the following areas takes visual information from one side of the body and conveys it to the opposite side?

A) Optic chiasm
B) Optic nerve
C) Olfactory bulbs
D) Optic tract

A

Optic chiasm

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6
Q

What ventricles are found under the corpus callosum?

A

Lateral ventricles

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7
Q

Which passageway connects the third and fourth ventricles?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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8
Q

Identify the passageway found in the spinal cord that is continuous with the ventricles.

A

Central canal

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9
Q

True or false, cerebrospinal fluid is produced within the ventricles.

A

True

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10
Q

True or false, the ventricles are all interconnected.

A

True

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11
Q

Which ventricles are divided by the septum pellucidum?

A

Lateral ventricles

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12
Q

What type of tissue makes up the cerebral cortex?

A

Gray matter

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13
Q

What is the function of white matter?

A

Transmits messages

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14
Q

True or false, the composition of gray matter includes neuron cell bodies.

A

True

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15
Q

How many major regions are contained within the diencephalon?

A

3; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Epithalamus

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16
Q

Which part of the diencephalon is connected to the pituitary gland?

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

Which region acts as a relay center for sensory messages ascending to the cerebrum?

A

Thalamus

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18
Q

Which region of the diencephalon contains the pineal body?

A

Epithalamus

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19
Q

True or false, the pineal body secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).

A

False; the Pineal gland secretes melatonin

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20
Q

True or false, the diencephalon is found in between the brain stem and the cerebrum.

A

True

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21
Q

How many regions make up the brain stem?

A

3; Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla

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22
Q

Which area of the brain stem is in contact with the spinal cord?

A

Medulla oblongata

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23
Q

Which region contains the corpora quadrigemina?

A

Midbrain

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24
Q

Which ventricle is located within the brain stem?

A

Fourth ventricle

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25
Q

During meningitis, which layer is the most likely to be a direct source of pathogens that may spread to the brain?

A

Pia matter

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26
Q

The prefix meaning “body”.

A

Somato-

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27
Q

The prefix meaning “head”.

A

Cephal-

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28
Q

The prefix meaning “spider”.

A

Arachn-

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29
Q

The prefix meaning “brain”.

A

Cerebr-

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30
Q

The _______ division of the nervous system controls skeletal muscle.

A

Somatic Motor

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31
Q

The meningeal layer resembling spider legs is the ________.

A

Arachnoid Mater

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32
Q

Evolutionary development of a head and brain containing neural and sensory organs is a process called _______.

A

Cephalization

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33
Q

Your patient’s CT scan demonstrates a cerebral vascular accident causing damage to the inferior and posterior portions of her left cerebral hemisphere. Your patient is right-handed. What deficits should you expect?

A

Difficulty with movement on the right side of her body and difficulty with speech

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34
Q

What is true of both poliomyelitis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

A

Both conditions are caused by destruction of the ventral horn neurons in the spinal cord.

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35
Q

Basal nuclei function

A

Important in starting, stopping, and monitoring the intensity of movements executed by the cortex

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36
Q

Gyrus definition

A

Elevated ridge of tissue

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37
Q

The gustatory cortex is involved in ?

A

The perception of taste stimuli

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38
Q

Aqueductal stenosis would prevent the flow of cerebrospinal fluid between ?

A

The third ventricle and the fourth ventricle

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39
Q

Sulcus defintion

A

A shallow groove

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40
Q

Cerebral cortex function

A

The “executive suite” of the nervous system where our conscious mind is found

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41
Q

? is a division of labor in which each cerebral hemisphere has unique abilities not completely shared by its partner.

A

Lateralization

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42
Q

Which landmark separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A

The longitudinal fissure

43
Q

POSTcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe function

A

Sensory functions

44
Q

Which cortical region is involved with intellect, complex learning abilities (called cognition), recall, and personality?

A

Anterior association area

45
Q

PREcentral gyrus of the frontal lobe function

A

Motor functions

46
Q

Gray matter definition

A

Neural cell bodies

47
Q

The adult brain is divided into 4 parts:

A

Cerebral hemispheres, Diencephalon, Brain stem, and Cerebellum

48
Q

Lateral ventricles are separated by ?

A

Septum Pellucidum

49
Q

Gyri means ?

A

Ridges

50
Q

Sulci means ?

A

Shallow grooves

51
Q

Fissures means ?

A

Deep grooves

52
Q

What formation separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

53
Q

What formation separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

Transverse cerebral fissure

54
Q

What structure is the “executive suite” of the brain?

A

Cerebral cortex

55
Q

Which area of the brain has an outer layer of gray matter?

A) Cerebellum and cerebrum
B) Brainstem and cerebrum
C) Brainstem and cerebellum
D) Diencephalon and cerebrum

A

Cerebellum and cerebrum

56
Q

The anterior most area of the cerebrum is associated with which distinctive function?

A) Applying intellect and cognition
B) Perception of the visual stimulus
C) Conscious control of skeletal muscle
D) Understanding written and spoken language

A

Applying intellect and cognition are among the complex functions generated within the anterior association area, also called the prefrontal cortex

57
Q

What part of the diencephalon is the gateway to the cerebral cortex?

A

Thalamus

58
Q

Which brain structure relays information to the cerebral cortex?

A) Thalamus
B) Epithalamus
C) Hypothalamus
D) Pituitary gland

A

Thalamus

59
Q

What part of the brain calculates appropriate force and direction of intended muscle movements?

A

The cerebellum determines coordinated movement based upon body position and momentum

60
Q

Motor outputs for autonomic functions are found in the ?

A

Brainstem

61
Q

Control centers that initiate responses to emotional stimuli are found in the ?

A

Hypothalamus

62
Q

What is the order of structures of the common flow of CSF from formation to reabsorption to cardiovascular circulation?

A

1) Choroid plexus
2) Cerebral aqueduct
3) Median aperture
4) Subarachnoid space
5) Superior sagittal sinus

63
Q

Which condition is most specifically associated with functional defects arising within the basal nuclei?

A) Parkinson’s
B) CVA’s
C) Alzheimer’s
D) Concussion

A

Parkinson’s results from degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons within the basal nuclei

64
Q

Which structure is formed by the collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal?

A) Cauda equina
B) Conus medularis
C) Filum terminale
D) Lumbar enlargement

A

The cauda equina hang below the conus medularis

65
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic regions of a cerebral hemisphere?

A) Basal Nuclei
B) Diencephalon
C) Gray Matter
D) White Matter

A

Diencephalon

66
Q

Large neurons, called ? in the precentral gyrus allow us to consciously control the precise or skilled voluntary movements of our skeletal muscles.

A

Pyramidal cells

67
Q

The ____ ____ cortex allows us to give meaning to the information that we receive, store it in memory if needed, tie it to previous experience and knowledge, and decide what action to take.

A

Multimodal association

68
Q

_______ is a division of labor in which each cerebral hemisphere has unique abilities NOT shared by its partner.

A

Lateralization

69
Q

_______ is responsible for communication between cerebral areas and between the cerebral cortex and lower CNS centers.

A

The cerebral white matter

70
Q

Which of the following regulates body temperature, food intake, and endocrine functions?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Thalamus
C) Epithalamus
D) Pineal body

A

Hypothalamus

71
Q

Which of the following regions acts as an autonomic reflex center of the brain?

A) Cerebellum
B) Midbrain
C) Pons
D) Medulla oblongata

A

Medulla oblongata

72
Q

Which of the following conditions results from viral destruction of ventral horn motor neurons?

A) Poliomyelitis
B) Paraplegia
C) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
D) Meningitis

A

Poliomyelitis

73
Q

True or flase, cerebral palsy may be caused by a temporary lack of oxygen during birth?

A

True

74
Q

In _____, the cerebrum and part of the brain stem never develop

A

Anencephaly

75
Q

____ ____ is a result of incomplete formation of the vertebral arches and can be caused by inadequate amounts of the B vitamin folic acid in the maternal diet.

A

Spina bifida

76
Q

If the transection occurs between ? and ?, both lower limbs are affected, resulting in paraplegia.

A

T1 and L1

77
Q

The primary motor cortex, Broca’s area, and the premotor cortex are located in which lobe?

A

Frontal lobe

78
Q

The innermost layer of meninges, delicate and adjacent to brain tissue, is the ?

A

Pia mater

79
Q

CSF is formed by ?

A) Arachnoid granulations
B) Dura mater
C) Choroid plexuses
D) All of these

A

All of them

80
Q

Destruction of the ventral horn cells of the spinal cord results in a loss of ?

A

Voluntary motor impulses

81
Q

Fiber tracts that allow neurons within the same cerebral hemisphere to communicate are ?

A

Association fibers

82
Q

What is the function of basal nuclei?

A

Coordinate and control motor activity

83
Q

Which basal nuclei form the striatum?

A

The striatum is formed by the caudate nucleus and the putamen.

84
Q

What is the function of the Reticular Activating System?

A

Helps to keep the cerebral cortex alert while filtering out unimportant inputs.

85
Q

What constitutes the blood brain barrier?

A

Endothelial cells joined by particularly tight junctions

86
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the Cerebrum?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, and Insula

87
Q

What are Pyramidal cells?

A

Large neurons that allow conscious control of precise, skilled movement

88
Q

What does the PREmotor cortex do?

A

Helps plan movement, learns repetitious motor activities, and coordinates simultaneous actions

89
Q

What is another name for the Anterior association area?

A

Prefrontal cortex

90
Q

What does the prefrontal cortex do?

A

Most complicated region involved with intellect and personality

91
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

A

Posterior association area

92
Q

What does the Limbic system do?

A

Make us consciously aware of emotional richness in our lives

93
Q

What does the Reticular Formation do?

A

Regulate muscle tone and maintain consciousness and awaken from sleep

94
Q

What is the Choroid Plexus?

A

A cluster of capillaries that hang from each cerebral ventricle

95
Q

What is the reflex center involved in olfaction that lies posterior to the pituitary gland?

A

Mammillary body

96
Q

What is the site of regulation of water balance and body temperature?

A

Hypothalamus

97
Q

What forms the cerebral spinal fluid?

A

Choroid Plexus

98
Q

What contains reflex centers involved in regulating respiratory rhythm in conjunction with lower brainstem centers?

A

Pons

99
Q

What connects the third and fourth ventricles?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

100
Q

What contains autonomic centers that regulate blood pressure as well as coughing and sneezing centers?

A

Medulla oblongata

101
Q

The primary somatosensory area of the cerebral hemisphere is found in the ? gyrus.

A

Postcentral

102
Q

The primary motor area in the ? lobe is involved in voluntary movement.

A

Frontal

103
Q

The specialized motor speech area is located at the base of the precentral gyrus is called ?

A

Broca’s area

104
Q

The primary motor cortex is located in the ? gyrus.

A

Precentral

SAC A&P I (13 decks)

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