Ch. 5 Infection Control

Question 1

Infectious Agents

Answer 1

Organisms capable of producing infection/disease
Include: bacteria, viruses, fungi, Protozoa, helminths and prions

Question 2

Microorganism of the oral cavity. Origin.

Answer 2

In utero the oral cavity is sterile
Microorganisms transmitted to infant from mother, Fam, caretakers

Question 3

Adult harbors

Answer 3

50-100 billion bacteria
700 diff. Organisms

Question 4

Infection Potential

Answer 4

Pathogenic/ non in all pts. All may be carriers

Question 5

Cross Contamination

Answer 5

Spread of microorganisms from 1 source to another

Person to person
Person to obj to person

Question 6

Standard Precautions

Answer 6

Minimum standard of care to stop chain of infection between you (DHCP) and pt.
Protect and prevent
ALL pts and procedures
Any procedures involving:
Blood, saliva, body fluids (except sweat), broken skin, mucous membranes

Question 7

Transmission Based Precautions

Answer 7

Droplet
Contact
Airborne
Sharps

Question 8

The Infectious Process

Answer 8

Chain of event. 6 essential links.
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Port of exit
Mode of transmission
Port of entry
Susceptible host

Question 9

Airborne Transmission

Answer 9

Aerosol, droplets, splatter
ALL dental procedures produce contamination in form of aerosols

Question 10

Spatter

Answer 10

Can be visible. >100 micrometer.
Direct contact eyes, nose, mouth.

Question 11

AGP

Answer 11

Aerosol generating procedures

Question 12

Prevention of Transmission

Answer 12

General precautions-written infection control and safety protocol, training
Control airborne, blood borne, clean water, protect clin,pt,maintain and review control protocols

Question 13

Transmissible Diseases of Concern to DHCP

Answer 13

Covid 19
Hepatitis
HHV
HHV1
Herpetic Whitlow
HHV3
HHV4
HPV
HIV/AIDS
MRSA

Question 14

Corona Virus Relation to Periodontal Infections

Answer 14

Pt have higher risk of severity of Covid 19 who have periodontitis

Question 15

Viral Hepatitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of liver caused by viruses

Question 16

Acute hep.
Chronic hep.

Answer 16

Can lead to liver failure
Can lead to cirrhosis and increased liver cancer risk

Question 17

HHV

Answer 17

Has been detected in periodontal pockets
Clinic management: use terms for pt understanding
Postpone appt if active

Question 18

HHV-1 (HSV-1)

Answer 18

Latent infection-trigeminal nerve (sensory to face)

Recurrent infections manifest:
Herpes labialis-lips (cold sore), vermillion (outer) border of lower lip

Herpetic whitlow-skin abrasions fingernails, standard precaution eliminated

Ocular/ophthalmic herpes- eye can lead to blindness

Question 19

HHV-3

Answer 19

Varicella-zoster virus
Chicken pox
Reaction causes herpes zoster infection (shingles)

Question 20

HHV-4 (EBV)

Answer 20

Epstein Barr Virus

Infection causes Infectious mononucleosis

Wash hands, avoid drinking out of others containers, standard precautions

Manifests as hairy oral leukoplakia in those with hiv and are severe immunocompromised

Question 21

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Answer 21

Most common sexually transmitted, asymptomatic

Periodontal pockets are reservoirs

Question 22

HIV/AIDS

Answer 22

Attacks tcells weakens immune system

No cure

Can be controlled by antiretroviral drug/testing. Can live a near normal life.

Question 23

Oral Lesions

Answer 23

Signs and symptoms in mouth can lead to recommendation that pt be checked

Question 24

Dental Hygiene Management

Answer 24

Ethically and legally obligated to treat HIV pts

Confidentiality, encourage testing, help maintain oral health, understand side effects, stress oral care

Question 25

MRSA

Answer 25

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

Direct and indirect transmission, endemic in hospital settings

Question 26

Documentation for Pt with Infectious Disease

Answer 26

Pt under treatment: note medication and purpose, adverse effects, oral affects and adherence

Record all consultations and referrals with other healthcare personal

Record results of specific tests that may affect DH treatment, note values at each appointment

Question 27

Factors to teach pt

Answer 27

Reasons for postponing appt
Avoiding self inoculation and infecting others
Up to date medical history
Preparing for appointments in the dental office (brushing, floss, mouthwash)