Ch. 17 Dental Soft Deposits, Biofilm, Calculus, and Stain Flashcards
Dental biofilm and other soft deposits
Dental biofilm
Acquired pellicle
Materia alba
Food debris
Acquired pellicle
Thin, acellular tenacious film formed of proteins, carbs and lipids
Can form over any tooth or prosthesis
Thickest around gingival margin
*Forms immediately upon exposure to saliva, fully formed within 30-90 mins
Supra=clear translucent until disclosing solution
Significance: protection, lubrication, nidus (where things can multiply) for bacteria, attachment of calculus
Not resilient enough to withstand pt oral self care
Dental biofilm
Where it adheres and what the micro biome is composed of
Can adhere to acquired pellicle, teeth and restorations
Oral micro biome composed of microorganisms, their genetic makeup and environments of oral cavity
Stages in dental biolfilm formation
- Formation (initial attachment)
- Bacterial multiplication and colonization (microorganisms =primarily grow)
- Matrix formation (continues to grow)
- Biofilm growth
- Maturation (disperse-single cells or clumps)
Days 1-2 in biofilm growth
Days 2-4
6-10
10-21
Gram positive cocci
Matures by 72 hrs and capable of initiating inflammatory process
-forms into rods
Matured to just gram negative rods
Gingivitis clinically evident
Supragingival biofilm forms in ___ layers
Sub in __
2
4
Dental biofilm
Inorganic elements
Organic elements
Calcium, phosphorus, fluoride
Carbohydrates and proteins
Biofilm is heaviest on
Lightest on
Accumulation areas
Lingual, posteriors and proximal surfaces
Anteriors
Crowding, rough teeth, opposite missing teeth or in between teeth (occluding or neighboring)
Critical pH for enamel demineralization
Critical pH for root dentin demineralization
5.5
6.7 (more porous=happens faster than enamel)
Significance of dental biofilm
Caries, periodontal disease, gingivitis
Development of dental caries
Cariogenic food stuff > dental biofilm > acid formation > demineralization >cavitated lesion
Materia alba
Soft whitish cottage cheese like texture and appearance
Visible without application of disclosing agent
Can be removed with water spray, oral irrigator or tongue action
Food debris
Collection at cervical third and proximal embrasures
Vertical food impaction
Calculus can form on
Supra gingival primarily around ___
Clinical crowns of natural teeth
Dental implants
Dentures
Other dental prosthesis
Around CEJ
Calculus composition
Inorganic content
Calcium
phosphorus carbonate
sodium
magnesium
Trace elements
Fluoride in calculus
Crystals and calculus compared with teeth and bone
Calculus composition
Organic content
Epithelial cells
Leukocytes
Mucin from saliva
Most mineralized tissue in body is the
Dental enamel
Calculus formation time
Untouched
12 days
-average time required for primary soft deposit to change to mature mineralized stage
24-48 hours
-mineralization can begin when pts personal daily oral hygiene inadequate
Calculus formation steps
- Pellicle
- Biofilm
- Biofilm mineralized
What impacts amount of calculus
Salivary flow
More saliva more calc
Microorganisms in biofilm layer perpetuate ____ ____ both ___ & ___
Inflammatory state
Supra and sub gingivally
Daily control of biofilm is essential
Prevention of calculus by what chemotherapeutic agents
Pyrophosphates
Zinc citrates
Triclosams
Chemotherapeutics (in toothpaste and mouthwash)
Apatite
Group of phosphate minerals usually
Hydroxyapatite
Fluorapatite
Chlorapatite
Non surgical periodontal therapy
Deep cleaning with scaling and root planning to eliminate plaque and tartar from perio pockets
