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DH100 PreClinic > Ch. 13 Extraoral And Introral Examination > Flashcards

Ch. 13 Extraoral And Introral Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the extra oral/intro oral exam performed?

A

Early identification of abnormalities and pathologies, especially oral cancer

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2
Q

Types of examinations

A
  1. Comprehensive
  2. Screening
  3. Limited examination
  4. Follow up
  5. Continuing care/reevaluation
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3
Q

Comprehensive examination

A

Thorough summary of all the components of the assessment
Eo/io is a component of complete assessment

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4
Q

Screening

A

Brief, preliminary exam usually for a specific purpose
Ex: initial pt assessment and triage to determine priorities for treatment

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5
Q

Limited examination

A

Brief exam made for an emergency situation
Also used for management of an acute condition

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6
Q

Follow up

A

To check healing following treatment

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7
Q

Continuing care reevaluation

A

After specific period of time, following completion of care plan and anticipated restoration and health
Complete reassessment from which a new DH diagnosis and care plan are derived

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8
Q

Methods for examination

A

Visual
Palpation
Instrumentation

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9
Q

Types of Visual Examinations (3)

A

Direct Observation-visual systematic sequence to note surface appearance (color, contour, size), movement and other evidence of function

Radio graphic-can reveal deviations from normal not observable by visual

Transillumination-light directed through soft tissue or tooth to enhance examination and detect irregularities of teeth and locating calculus
Mouth mirror held to view from lingual

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10
Q

Palpation

A

Exam using sense of touch through tissue manipulation or pressure on an area with gloves fingers

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11
Q

Digital Palpation

A

Use of single finger

Ex-single finger applied to lingual side of mandible beneath canine and premolar area to determine presence of torus mandibularis

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12
Q

Bidigital Palpation

A

Use of finger and thumb of same hand

Palpation of the lips

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13
Q

Bimanual Palpation

A

Use of finger or fingers and thumb from each hand applied simultaneously in coordination

Ex-index finger of one hand palpates on the floor of mouth inside while a finger from other hand press on same area under the chin externally

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14
Q

Bilateral Palpation

A

Two hands are used at same time to examine corresponding structures. Comparisons are made

Ex- fingers placed beneath the chin to palpate the submandibular lymph nodes

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15
Q

Instrumentation exam
What is used and what for?

A

Periodontal probe and explorer
Specific exam of teeth and periodontal tissue

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16
Q

Signs vs. Symptoms

A

Sign=objective info or data, any abnormality identified by a healthcare professional while examining a pt
Ex: observable shape color consistency revealed by probe, explorer, X-ray, etc

Symptom=subjective, abnormality observed by pt
Ex: pain, tenderness, bleeding when brushing

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17
Q

Oral Mucosa

Composed of?

Categories?

A

Lining of oral cavity
Mucous membranes composed of connective tissue covered with stratified squamous epithelium

Masticatory mucosa
Lining mucosa
Specialized mucosa

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18
Q

Masticatory Mucosa

A

Covers gingiva and hard palate, the areas used during mastication of food

Firmly attached to underlying tissue

Keratinized

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19
Q

Lining Mucosa

A

Covers inner surfaces of lips and cheeks, FOM, underside of tongue and alveolar mucosa

Not firmly attached

Not keratinized

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20
Q

Specialized Mucosa

A

Dorsum of tongue

Filiform-threadlike, keratinized elevations, most numerous

Fungiform-mushroom shaped among filiform on tip and sides. Appear redder than filiform. Tastebuds

Circumvallate-10-14 large round papillae arranged in V between body of tongue and base. Taste buds line walls

Foliate: vertical grooves on lateral posterior walls of tongue. Taste buds

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21
Q

Sequence of exam

A

Makes sure everything is covered
Efficient, professional, pt gains confidence in you

EO
1. Overall appraisal of pt
2.Face
3. Skin
4.Eyes
5. Nodes
6.Glands
7.TMJ
8.Lips
IO
9.Breath Odor
10. labial, buccal mucosa
11.tongue
12.FOM
13. Saliva
14.Hard palate
15. Soft palate uvula
16. Tonsillar region, throat

22
Q

Lymph Nodes

A
  1. Pre auricular-in front of ear
  2. Post auricular-behind ear
  3. Occipital nodes-along hairline back of neck
    4.Submental-below chin
    5.submandibular-along jaw line
  4. Cervical chain-along SCM
  5. Supraclavicular -along clavicle
23
Q

Glands

A

Thyroid
Parotid-cheek, 2nd max molar
Submental
Submandibular

24
Q

Mucosa to examine
Not the types but the areas

A

Vestibule
Muccobuccal folds
Frena
Ducts
Cheeks

25
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dry mouth

26
Q

What do you document when a Lesion is present?

A

Document complete description
Size(lxw in mm) , location, extent, color, surface texture, configurations, consistency, morphology and history

27
Q

Categories of lesions

A

Elevated, depressed, or flat
in relation to normal level of skin or mucosa

28
Q

Elevated lesions

A

Blisterform-contain fluid and usually soft and translucent
-vesicle
-pustule
-bulla

Nonblisterform-solid and no fluid
-Papule
-nodule
-tumor
-plaque

29
Q

Vesicle

A

Blisterform

Small (1cm or less) lesion with a thin surface covering

May contain serum, mucin and appear white

30
Q

Pustule

A

Blister form

More or less than 5mm and contain pus
Gives it yellowish color

31
Q

Bulla

A

Blister form lesion

Large, greater than 1 cm
Filled with fluid (mucin, serum, but may contain blood)
Color depends on contents

32
Q

Papule

A

Non blisterform

Small (pinheaded to 5mm) solid lesion

Pointed, rounded or flat topped

33
Q

Nodule

A

Nonblisterform

Greater than 5mm but less than 2cm

34
Q

Tumor

A

Non blisterform

2cm or greater. General swelling or enlargement
Benign or malignant

35
Q

Plaque

A

Non blisterform

Slightly raised lesion with a broad, flat top

Usually larger than 5mm with a “pasted” on appearance

36
Q

Nonblisterforms are characterized by attachment which are:

A

Sessile-base as wide as lesion itself

Pedunculated-attached by narrow stalk or pedicle

37
Q

Depressed Lesions

A

Ulcer-most common
Loss of epithelium
Center is often gray or yellow surround by red border
May result from rupture of elevated lesion

Erosion-shallow depressed soft tissue lesion epithelium above basil layer is stripped
Does not extend through epi. to underlying tissue

38
Q

Flat lesions

A

Single to multiple
Regular or irregular form

Macule=area not elevated above surrounding skin or mucosa
Defined by color which contrasts surrounding normal tissue

39
Q

Crust

A

Outer layer covering or scab from coagulation of dried blood, serum, or pus or combo.

40
Q

Aphtha

A

Depressed lesion
Small white or reddish ulcer

41
Q

Erythema

A

Red area of variable size and shape

42
Q

Exophytic

A

Growing outward

43
Q

Idiopathic

A

Of unknown etiology

44
Q

Petechiae (peh tee kee uh)

A

Minute hemorrhagic spots of pinheaded to pinpoint size
(Small red dots usually on soft palate):

45
Q

Torus

A

Bony elevation or prominence usually found on midline of hard palate (torus palantinus)
Lingual surface of mandible (torus mandibularis) in premolar area

46
Q

Verruca

A

Rough, wart like growth

47
Q

Exostosis

A

Bony prominence on outside (buccal)

48
Q

Most common sites for oral cancer

A

Lateral border of tongue
FOM
lips
Soft palate

49
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off or characterized as any other disease

Associated with physical or chemical agents and use of tobacco

50
Q

Erythroplakia

A

Bright red patches or plaques
Velvety consistency and may coincide with small ulcers
Can’t be characterized as specific disease

Less common than leukoplakia and more likely to manifest as dysplasia (precancerous) or malignancy!

51
Q

When is a biopsy needed?

A

Any lesion that has not healed in 2 weeks is considered suspicious for malignancy until proven otherwise

DH100 PreClinic (31 decks)

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