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BIO 103 > Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction > Flashcards

Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction Flashcards

big ideas: male/female reproductive A&P, hormone effects, menstrual cycle, sperm can live for 5 days

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what type of genetic offspring is produced by asexual reproduction?

A

a genetically identical clone

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2
Q

what type of genetic offspring is produced by sexual reproduction

A

a genetically unique offspring

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3
Q

what are some advantages of asexual reproduction?

A

-fast
-no mate needed
-good in a stable environment

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4
Q

what is parthenogenesis?

A

a form of asexual reproduction where an unfertilized haploid egg grows into a haploid adult

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5
Q

what is hermaphroditism?

A

a form of sexual reproduction where one individual produces both types of gametes

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6
Q

what is sequential hermaphroditism?

A

a form of sexual reproduction where one individual changes sex at some age

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7
Q

what is the function of the seminiferous tubules?

A

to produce sperm

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8
Q

what is the function of interstitial cells?

A

to surround the seminiferous tubules of the testes and secrete testosterone

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9
Q

what is the function of the sustentacular cells?

A

to secrete inhibin and ABP from within the seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

what three cells/structures are within the testes?

A

-seminiferous tubules
-sustentacular cells
-interstitial cells

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11
Q

what is the structure of a sperm?

A

-an acrosome with enzymes to break into egg
-head contains DNA
-a midpiece with mitochondria
-flagella made of microtubules for swimming

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12
Q

what is the epidiymis?

A

the site of sperm maturation and storage until ejaculation

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13
Q

what is the vas deferens?

A

a muscular tube that moves sperm to the prostate gland during ejaculation

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14
Q

what are seminal vesicles?

A

two glands that secrete semen, secretions include fructose, clotting factors, and prostaglandins for uterine contractions

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15
Q

why do sperm cells need fructose in semen?

A

to allow them to undergo cellular respiration

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16
Q

what is the location of the prostate gland?

A

located just below the bladder & surrounds the urethra

17
Q

what is the function of the prostate gland?

A

to secrete semen into the urethra, secretions include clotting factors, enzymes, and prostaglandins

18
Q

what is the location of the bulbourethral gland?

A

under the prostate gland

19
Q

what is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

A

to produce pre-ejaculate, which is a basic secretion to neutralize the acidity of the vagina

20
Q

what is the function of the urethra? where does the urethra start?

A

to expel urine / ejaculate
urethra starts in the prostate gland

21
Q

what is the structure of the ovary?

A

-the ovary contains follicles with immature eggs

22
Q

what is the function of the ovary?

A

to produces eggs for ovulation and to secrete and produce estrogen and progesterone

23
Q

what is a follicle?

A

an egg surrounded by layers of follicular cells

24
Q

what are the uterine tubes?

A

oviducts lined with ciliated cells that move the egg towards the uterus

25
Q

what are the two linings of the uterus?

A

endometrium: the inner lining which sloughs monthly
myometrium: smooth muscle that grows with pregnancy

26
Q

what is the cervix?

A

the opening to the uterus, covered with a protective mucus plug

27
Q

what is the corpus luteum?

A

a temporary collection of cells that secretes estrogens and progesterone during ovulation

28
Q

how are sperm cells formed?

A

-a primary spermatocyte (2n) undergoes meiosis to produce 4x 1n sperm

29
Q

what is spermatogenesis?

A

the production of sperm cells

30
Q

what are the three main reproductive hormones used in the body?

A

GnRH - released from hypothalamus
FSH and LH - released from anterior pituitary

31
Q

what are the effects of LH in men?

A

-matures the male reproductive system & causes puberty by causing interstitial cells to secrete testosterone

32
Q

what are the effects of LH in women?

A

-stimulates the endometrium to store nutrients by causing the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone

33
Q

what are the effects of FSH in men?

A

-acts on sustentacular cells, which secrete inhibin and ABP, which activate testosterone and turn off FSH secretions

34
Q
A

BIO 103 (24 decks)

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