Ch. 4 Carbon Flashcards
main objective is functional groups which are not very easy to put into text format, sorry
why is carbon so essential for life? [what is its structure?]
-is a nonmental and can form up to 4 bonds of various types [polar/nonpolar covalent, ionic], including with itself
what is a tetrahedron carbon?
a carbon with 4, single covalent bonds
what is a planar structure carbon?
a carbon with a double covalent bond
what are hydrocarbons?
compounds with primarily hydrogen and carbon
what is the significance of hydrocarbon bonds?
they have a LOT of energy, more than C-O bonds
what are structural isomers?
molecules with the same chemical formula, but different arrangements of bonds
what are cis-trans isomers?
molecules with the same chemical formula, but different arrangement around double bonds
-cis = same side
-trans = opposite side [diagonally]
what are enantiomers?
mirror images of molecules that are non-superimposable [one does not work the same as the other]
what functional group has an -OH ending?
hydroxyl
what functional group has a carbon double bonded to an oxygen?
carbonyl
what type of compounds use hydroxyl functional groups?
carbohydrates - H2O attached to every carbon
what compounds use carbonyl functional groups?
carbohydrates
what type of functional group is a carbonyl and a hydroxyl bound to each other?
carboxyl
what types of compounds use carboxyl functional groups?
amino acids and fatty acids
what type of functional group has an -NH2 or -NH3+ ending?
amino
