Ch. 42 - Circulation Flashcards
big ideas: pulmonary/systemic circuit, types of blood vessels, HR measurements, heart anatomy & physio
how do cells get the nutrients and oxygen they need?
diffusion and active transport
what is the function of circulatory systems?
move oxygen and nutrients, remove wastes
what is the function of arteries?
take blood away from the heart
what are arterioles?
small arteries, near capillaries
what is the function of veins?
bring blood towards the heart
what are venules?
small veins, near capillaries
what are atria?
chambers in the heart that receive blood
where is blood delivered to in the systemic system?
to the tissues
where is blood delivered to in the pulmocutaneous system?
to the lungs and skin
where does the pulmonary system deliver blood to?
the lungs
what is stroke volume?
the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle per contraction, measured in mL/beat
what is heart rate?
the number of beats per minute, measured by pulse
what is cardiac output?
the volume of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one beat multiplied by the amount of beats in a minute
what are the two kinds of heart valves?
2x atrioventricular valves; 2x semilunar valves
what is a heart murmur?
a heartbeat sound caused by the heart’s valves not closing completely
what is the SA node and what is its function?
the SA node creates the electrical impulse that drives the heartbeat, which also sets its pacemaker rhythm (~72 bpm)
what is the route of travel through the cardiac conduction system?
- SA node
- AV node
- AV bundle
- bundle branches
- purkinje fibers
what causes blood pressure?
blood pressure is caused by the hydrostatic force exerted by blood on the wall of a vessel
how is pulse pressure calculated?
systolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure
what is peripheral resistance?
the resistance to blood flow in arterioles
what process occurs at the arteriole end of a capillary?
hydrostatic pressure drives blood fluid into tissues
what process occurs at the venous end of a capillary?
osmotic pressure [caused by blood protein albumin] pulls fluid back into the capillaries
what are the three components of blood?
~55% of blood is plasma
~45% of blood is erythrocytes [RBCs]
~<1% of blood is leukocytes / platelets
