Ch. 40 Intro to Animals Flashcards
big ideas: tissue types, homeostasis, + and - feedback, bioenergetics & metabolic rates
what is the relationship between surface area and volume?
surface area increases more slowly than volume
how do simple animals [ex, unicellular] access nutrients and remove wastes?
through diffusion and active transport across membranes
how do cells in large animals [humans] access nutrients and remove wastes?
through organ systems & interstitial fluid
what is interstitial fluid?
fluid [composed of water & solutes] located between cells
what is the function of interstitial fluid?
to allow for fast diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes between circulatory systems and cells
what is the function of connective tissue?
to form the “framework” of the body & bind tissues together
what is the hierarchy of body plans from smallest to largest?
cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems
what is the function of epithelium tissue?
to line the inner & outer surfaces of the body
what is the function of nervous tissue
communication, coordination of body activities
what is the function of muscular tissue?
to move the body and its contents through excitation/contraction
what are the two forms of epithelial tissue?
- thin, single cell layers - for diffusion [lungs]
- multilayered cells - for protection [inside of mouth]
what is the definition of an organ?
an organ is different types of tissues arranged in a specific fashion
what is an organ system?
different organs working together with a common function
what is the function of microvilli?
to increase surface area for absorption [in areas where body needs it - intestine/kidney]
what is a lumen?
the inside space of an organ structure, such as the inside of a blood vessel or intestines
what is the function of cilia?
to move mucus in various parts of the body [ex, respiratory tract]
what are the three SIMPLE epithelial cell types?
- squamous
- cuboidal
- columnar
what are the three classes of epithelium?
- simple = one cell layer thick
- pseudostratified columnar = one layer of columnar cells that looks like multiple layers
- stratified = multiple cell layers
what is the structure of connective tissue?
-composed primarily of extracellular matrix with a small number of cells distributed within
what is extracellular matrix?
a complex of proteins and “fluid” organized in a haphazard way
what is the most common fiber in connective tissue?
collagen
what are the 6 types of connective tissue?
loose CT
adipose CT
dense CT
cartilage
bone
blood