Ch 40 Human Diseases caused by Fungi & Protists Flashcards
1
Q
Most systemic mycoses are acquired from A. puncture wounds. B. inhaling spores. C. insect vectors. D. all of the choices
A
B. inhaling spores.
2
Q
Some superficial mycoses are called A. sporotrichosis. B. tineas. C. dermatophytoses. D. mycetomas.
A
B. tineas.
3
Q
Which of the following is not caused by a protozoan?
A. cryptosporidiosis
B. cryptococcosis
C. both cryptosporidiosis and cryptococcosis
D. African sleeping sickness
A
B. cryptococcosis
4
Q
Which of the following is not true with respect to the organism causing histoplasmosis?
A. The fungus grows intracellularly as a facultative parasite.
B. The mold form is found in humans.
C. It is found worldwide in the soil.
D. It produces microconidia and macroconidia.
A
B. The mold form is found in humans
5
Q
Dried pigeon droppings are a potential source of infection with A. Coccidioides immitis. B. Blastomyces dermatitidis. C. Cryptococcus neoformans. D. Malassezia furfur.
A
C. Cryptococcus neoformans.
6
Q
In humans, Cryptococcus grows as a A. mold. B. yeast. C. dimorphic fungus. D. a mycelium.
A
B. yeast.
7
Q
Which of the following fungi causes Valley fever in semi-arid regions of North American? A. Coccidioides immitis B. Blastomyces dermatitidis C. Cryptococcus neoformans D. Histoplasma capsulatum
A
A. Coccidioides immitis
8
Q
Blastomyces dermatitidis causes A. valley fever. B. blastomycosis. C. San Joaquin fever. D. cryptococcosis.
A
B. blastomycosis.
9
Q
Vaccines are not effective against trypanosomiasis because
A. the organisms are never exposed to the immune system.
B. the organism is only weakly antigenic.
C. the organism can change its protein coat and thereby evade the immune response.
D. all of the choices
A
C. the organism can change its protein coat and thereby evade the immune response.
10
Q
Which of the following is known to use tsetse flies as intermediate hosts? A. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense B. Giardia lamblia C. Entameoba histolytica D. Histoplasma capsulatum
A
A. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
11
Q
African sleeping sickness is caused by A. Giardia lamblia. B. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. C. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. D. Histoplasma capsulatum. E. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense both cause African sleeping sickness.
A
E. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense both cause African sleeping sickness.
12
Q
Diagnosis of the leishmanias is based on finding the parasite within infected A. lymphocytes. B. macrophages. C. eosinophils. D. mast cells.
A
B. macrophages.
13
Q
Leishmania donovani causes A. mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. B. visceral leishmaniasis. C. cutaneous leishmaniasis. D. all of the choices
A
B. visceral leishmaniasis.
14
Q
In the malarial life cycle, the male gamete is called A. macrogametocyte. B. microgametocyte. C. oocyst. D. ookinete.
A
B. microgametocyte.
15
Q
Once inside an erythrocyte, the Plasmodium begins to enlarge as a uninucleate cell called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. trophozoite B. sporozoite C. merozoite D. schizont
A
A. trophozoite
16
Q
Humans become infected with the malarial parasite when mosquitoes inject \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ into the bloodstream. A. trophozoites B. sporozoites C. merozoites D. schizonts
A
B. sporozoites
17
Q
Human malaria is caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ known species of Plasmodium. A. one B. two C. four D. many
A
C. four
18
Q
Piedraia hortae causes A. tinea versicolor. B. white piedra. C. black piedra. D. all of the choices
A
C. black piedra.
19
Q
The yeast Trichosporon beigelii causes A. black piedra. B. athlete's foot. C. histoplasmosis. D. white piedra.
A
D. white piedra.
20
Q
Cutaneous mycoses are called A. dermatomycoses. B. ringworms. C. tineas. D. all of the choices
A
D. all of the choices
21
Q
Which of the following does not cause cutaneous mycoses? A. Cryptococcus B. Microsporum C. Trichophyton D. Epidermophyton
A
A. Cryptococcus
22
Q
Which of the following is an oral agent used for treating dermatophytoses? A. AZT B. itraconazole C. bacitracin D. chloroquine
A
B. itraconazole
23
Q
Which of the following is a dermatophytic infection of any part of the skin? A. tinea barbae B. tinea capitis C. tinea corporis D. all of the choices
A
C. tinea corporis
24
Q
Which of the following is a dermatophytic infection of the groin? A. tinea barbae B. tinea capitis C. tinea corporus D. tinea cruris
A
D. tinea cruris
25
```
Tinea pedis is
A. a beard infection.
B. an infection of scalp hair.
C. known as "jock itch".
D. known as "athlete's foot".
```
D. known as "athlete's foot".
26
```
A dermatophytic infection of the nail bed is
A. tinea manum.
B. tinea unguium.
C. tinea capitis.
D. tinea barbae.
```
B. tinea unguium.
27
```
The dermatophytes that cause the subcutaneous mycoses are normal saprophytic inhabitants of
A. the digestive system of insects.
B. the digestive system of humans.
C. the soil and decaying vegetation.
D. plants.
```
C. the soil and decaying vegetation.
28
```
The most common subcutaneous mycotic disease in the United States is
A. maduromycosis.
B. mycetoma.
C. sporotrichosis.
D. cryptococcosis.
```
C. sporotrichosis.
29
```
Trichomoniasis is a
A. disease caused by a flagellate.
B. sexually transmitted disease.
C. disease that can be treated with Flagyl.
D. all of the choices
```
D. all of the choices
30
```
Which of the following is not a subcutaneous mycosis?
A. chromoblastomycosis
B. coccidiomycosis
C. maduromycosis
D. sporotrichosis
```
B. coccidiomycosis
31
```
In sporotrichosis the lesions can remain localized or can spread throughout the body; in the latter case it is referred to as
A. extracutaneous sporotrichosis.
B. disseminated sporotrichosis.
C. systemic sporotrichosis.
D. fulminating sporotrichosis.
```
A. extracutaneous sporotrichosis.
32
```
Which of the following is not an amoeba?
A. Entamoeba histolytica
B. Acanthamoeba species
C. Cryptosporidium species
D. Naegleria fowleri
```
C. Cryptosporidium species
33
In the intestinal tract, Entamoeba histolytica
A. can undergo excystation in the small intestine.
B. lives as a commensal in the lumen of the intestine.
C. can invade the host tissue.
D. all of the choices
D. all of the choices
34
```
Entamoeba histolytica feeds on
A. erythrocytes.
B. bacteria.
C. yeasts.
D. all of the choices
```
D. all of the choices
35
Which of the following can prevent amebiasis?
A. UV light treatment of water.
B. avoidance of food or water that might be contaminated with human feces in endemic areas.
C. Flagyl.
D. all of the choices.
B. avoidance of food or water that might be contaminated with human feces in endemic areas.
36
```
Acanthamoeba species
A. are facultative parasites.
B. cause encephalitis.
C. cause keratitis.
D. all of the choices
```
D. all of the choices
37
```
The most common cause of epidemic waterborne diarrheal disease is
A. Acanthamoeba.
B. Naegleria.
C. Giardia intestinalis.
D. all of the choices
```
C. Giardia intestinalis.
38
```
Which of the following drugs is(are) used to treat giardiasis?
A. Atabrine
B. Flagyl
C. metronidazole
D. all of the choices
```
D. all of the choices
39
```
Removal of Giardia intestinalis from municipal water supplies involves the use of
A. rapid sand filters.
B. slow sand filters.
C. gamma radiation.
D. predatory microorganisms.
```
B. slow sand filters.
40
Diagnosis of candidiasis is difficult because
A. this fungus is a frequent secondary invader in other disease processes.
B. a mixed microbiota is most often found in the diseased tissue.
C. no immunologic procedures for the identification of Candida currently exist.
D. all of the choices
B. a mixed microbiota is most often found in the diseased tissue.
41
```
Which of the following produces a highly resistant spore containing a polar tubule?
A. Pneumocystis
B. Microsporidia
C. Trypanosoma cruzi
D. cyclosporans
```
B. Microsporidia
42
```
Which of the following has emerged as one of the leading organisms responsible for death in AIDS patients?
A. Toxoplasma gondii
B. Pneumocystis jiroveci
C. Acanthamoeba
D. Naegleria
```
B. Pneumocystis jiroveci
43
Which of the following statements about Pneumocystis jiroveci is true?
A. The disease it causes occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised hosts.
B. The organism and the disease remains localized in the lungs even in fatal cases.
C. It causes the alveoli to fill with a frothy exudate.
D. all of the choices
D. all of the choices
44
```
The major portal of entry for Aspergillus is the
A. gastrointestinal tract.
B. respiratory tract.
C. urinary tract.
D. skin.
```
B. respiratory tract.
45
```
Pneumocystis pneumonia occurs widely in
A. immune compromised hosts.
B. prisons and military installations.
C. children.
D. cattle.
```
A. immune compromised hosts.
