Ch 34 Flashcards
The immune system normally discriminates between \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ antigens. A. self and nonself B. B and T cells C. humoral and cell-mediated D. primary and secondary response
A. self and nonself
T cells attack
A. host cells that have been parasitized by microorganisms.
B. transplanted tissue cells from one host to another.
C. cancer cells.
D. all of the choices
D. All the choices
The humoral immune response defends against A. bacteria. B. bacterial toxins. C. viruses. D. all of the choices
D. all the choices
T cells produce and secrete factors which do not directly interact with invading microorganisms but which augment the body's defense mechanisms. These molecules are called A. antibodies. B. cytokines. C. immunogens. D. augmetins.
B. cytokines.
An immune complex resulting from an interaction of antibody with cells or particles which becomes large enough to settle out of solution is called a(n) A. agglutination reaction. B. precipitation reaction. C. hemagglutination. D. ouchterlony double diffusion.
A. agglutination reaction.
Adaptive immunity refers to the type of specific immunity that
A. develops after exposure to antigen.
B. can result from transfer of antibodies from one individual to another.
C. can be induced by natural or artificial means.
D. all of the choices
D. all of the choices
The transfer of antibodies in breast milk is a good example of
A. naturally acquired passive immunity.
B. naturally acquired active immunity.
C. artificially acquired active immunity.
D. artificially acquired passive immunity.
A. naturally acquired passive immunity.
A vaccination is a good example of
A. naturally acquired passive immunity.
B. naturally acquired active immunity.
C. artificially acquired active immunity.
D. artificially acquired passive immunity.
C. artificially acquired active immunity
Botulinum antitoxin produced in a horse and given to a human suffering from botulism food poisoning is an example of
A. naturally acquired passive immunity.
B. naturally acquired active immunity.
C. artificially acquired active immunity.
D. artificially acquired passive immunity.
D. artificially acquired passive immunity.
When an individual’s immune system comes into contact with an appropriate antigenic stimulus during the course of daily activities, this is called
A. naturally acquired passive immunity.
B. naturally acquired active immunity.
C. artificially acquired active immunity.
D. artificially acquired passive immunity.
B. naturally acquired active immunity.
Antibodies can be produced A. in vivo by natural infections. B. in vivo by immunizations. C. in vitro using hybridomas. D. all of the choices
D. ALL THE CHOICES
Class I and II MHC molecules
A. consists of a complex of two protein chains.
B. contains alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains that forms an antibody-binding pocket.
C. consists of a complex of two protein chains and contains alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains that forms an antibody-binding pocket.
D. neither consists of a complex of two protein chains nor contains alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains that forms an antibody-binding pocket.
A. consists of a complex of two protein chains
The major histocompatibility complex directs the production of proteins called A. class I. B. class II. C. class IV. D. both class I and class II. E. both class I and class IV.
D. both class I and class II.
Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules are found on all of the following types of cells except A. T cells. B. B cells. C. macrophages. D. dendritic cells.
A. T cells.
Class I major histocompatibility complex molecules are found on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells. A. all nucleated B. antigen-presenting C. all anucleated D. none of the choices
A. all nucleated
Which of the following mediates inflammation by producing certain specific cytokines? A. macrophages B. TH1 cells C. TH2 cells D. cytotoxic T cells
B. TH1 cells
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of A. CD8. B. CD4. C. CD19. D. all of the choices
A. CD8
If a T cell that has received signal 1 for activation fails to also receive signal 2 it may become A. anergic. B. apoptotic. C. anuclear. D. cancerous.
A. anergic
Which type(s) of antigen-presenting cell can activate T cells? A. macrophages B. B cells C. dendritic cells D. all of the choices
D. ALL OF THE CHOICES
When a presented antigen fragment interacts with the T cell receptor of a helper T cell, the co-receptor that must also participate to finalize recognition is A. CD4. B. CD8. C. MHC I. D. all of these.
A. CD4.
During activation of a T cell, the cytokine it produces to stimulate its own proliferation is A. interferon gamma. B. interleukin 1. C. interleukin 2. D. tumor necrosis factor.
C. interleukin 2.
Superantigens cause
A. specific activation of phagocytic cells.
B. stimulation of T cells to overproduce cytokines.
C. specific activation of phagocytic cells and stimulation of T cells to overproduce cytokines.
D. none of the choices
B. stimulation of T cells to overproduce cytokines.
- Superantigens exert their damaging effects by
A. forming harmful antibody aggregates.
B. causing the massive and non-specific release of cytokines by T cells.
C. killing large numbers of phagocytic cells.
D. all of the choices
B. causing the massive and non-specific release of cytokines by T cells.
Cytotoxic T cells destroy target cells by
A. direct killing mediated by activated oxygen species.
B. the perforin pathway.
C. the CD95 pathway.
D. both direct killing mediated by activated oxygen species and the perforin pathway.
E. both the perforin pathway and the CD95 pathway.
E. both the perforin pathway and the CD95 pathway.
In humans, the antigen-presenting cells include all of the following except A. eosinophils. B. dendritic cells. C. macrophages. D. B cells
A. eosinophils.
The T cell receptor is comprised of A. alpha and beta protein chains. B. a delta protein chain. C. a gamma protein chain. D. all of the choices
A. alpha and beta protein chains.
The humoral immune response differs from the cell-mediated immune response in that only in the humoral immune response is there A. secretion of antibody. B. a precommitted lymphocyte. C. a clonal selection mechanism. D. the development of memory cells.
A. secretion of antibody.
One plasma cell can synthesize more than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ antibody molecules per hour. A. 10,000 B. 100,000 C. 1,000,000 D. 10,000,000
D. 10,000,000
Which of the following is not true concerning T-independent B cell activation?
A. Affinity maturation does not occur.
B. No B memory cells are formed.
C. B cell receptors are not involved in activation.
D. All of the choices are true.
C. B cell receptors are not involved in activation.
B cells are more effective than macrophages in presenting antigens to activate T cells when A. macrophages are in short supply. B. antigen concentrations are high. C. antigen concentrations are low. D. none of the choices
C. antigen concentrations are low
The variable domain of antibody molecules
A. interacts with various cells of the immune system.
B. binds target antigen.
C. interacts with phagocytic cells.
D. interacts with the first component of the complement system.
B. binds target antigen.
A type of antibody light chain is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ chain. A. omega B. lambda C. delta D. alpha
B. lambda
The class of immunoglobulin transferred from mother to infant during breast-feeding is A. IgA. B. IgD. C. IgG. D. IgM.
A. IgA
The only immunoglobulin class with members able to cross the placental barrier is A. IgA. B. IgM. C. IgG. D. IgE.
C. IgG.
Which enzyme inserts nucleotides at the V-J junction to add further diversity? A. DNA polymerase B. the RAG enzymes C. reverse transcriptase D. terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
D. terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
Which of the following is not a function of the Fc portion of the immunoglobulin molecule?
A. Binding to host cells including some cells of the immune system and some phagocytic cells.
B. Binding to a component of the complement system.
C. Binding to the antigen.
D. All of the choices.
C. Binding to the antigen.
Which of the following function(s) as the B cell antigen receptor? A. IgG B. monomeric IgM C. IgE D. IgA
B. monomeric IgM
The protein chains in a complete antibody molecule are connected to each other by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bonds. A. peptide B. ionic C. disulfide D. none of the choices
C. disulfide
The secondary immune response is typically stronger than the primary response because __________ during the secondary response.
A. all classes of immunoglobulins are active
B. both B and T cells are activated
C. the antigen is weakened by the primary response
D. a larger population of lymphocytes reactive to antigen has developed
D. a larger population of lymphocytes reactive to antigen has developed
Which of the following types of immunoglobulins is most abundant in serum? A. IgA B. IgG C. IgE D. IgM
B. IgG
Which of the following is a characteristic associated with secondary antibody responses? A. Shorter lag phase. B. Higher antibody titer. C. Higher antibody affinity. D. All of the choices.
D. All of the choices.
Which of the following prevents some bacteria from adhering to mucosal surfaces? A. IgD B. IgA C. IgM D. IgE
B. IgA
. Antibodies
A. can bind to an immunogen.
B. can target the immunogen for destruction.
C. are part of the nonspecific immune response.
D. both can bind to an immunogen and can target the immunogen for destruction.
E. both can bind to an immunogen and are part of the nonspecific immune response.
D. both can bind to an immunogen and can target the immunogen for destruction.
Which of the following is (are) involved with an antigen binding to an antibody?
A. Folding of both the V(H) and V(L) regions.
B. Amino acids and the antigen’s epitope determinant.
C. Noncovalent bonds.
D. All of these.
D. All of these.
The inability of a virus to bind to its target cell as a result of antibody binding to the virus is referred to as A. toxin neutralization. B. adherence prevention. C. viral neutralization. D. cytotoxicity.
C. viral neutralization.
Which of the following is/are true about monoclonal antibodies?
A. They are made by hybridizing a myeloma cell and an activated B cell.
B. They recognize a specific epitope.
C. They are a useful tool in disease diagnosis.
D. All of the choices.
D. All of the choices.
Which of the following is not normally capable of virus neutralization? A. IgA B. IgD C. IgG D. IgM
B. IgD
Tumor cells of the immune system that produce large quantities of antibodies and can be readily cultivated are called A. myeloma cells. B. monoclonal antibodies. C. lymphoma. D. all of the choices
A. myeloma cells.
Which of the following antibodies is (are) involved in opsonization? A. IgG1 B. IgG3 C. IgD D. only IgG1 and IgG3
D. only IgG1 and IgG3
T-cell tolerance induced in the thymus and B-cell tolerance in the bone marrow is called peripheral tolerance. T/F
FALSE
Clonal deletion that removes lymphocytes that recognize any self antigens that are present is known as A. positive selection. B. negative selection. C. neutralization. D. none of the choices
B. negative selection
Which type of hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated? A. Type IV B. Type III C. Type II D. Type I
D. Type I
Type III hypersensitivity conditions such as arthritis involve
A. the activation of mast cells.
B. a cytotoxic reaction.
C. delayed, cell-mediated immune reactions.
D. the formation of immune complexes.
E. all of the choices
D. the formation of immune complexes.
Type \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hypersensitivity involves delayed, cell-mediated immune reactions. A. I B. II C. III D. IV
D. IV
