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Microbioloogy Me > Ch 30 > Flashcards

Ch 30 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which of the following statements concerning the microbial loop is not true?
    A. Microbes consume dissolved organic matter.
    B. Marine viruses contribute to the production of dissolved organic matter.
    C. Microbes constitute particulate organic matter for zooplankton consumption.
    D. All of the statements are true.
A

D. All of the statements are true

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2
Q

Among the eukaryotic microbes in the phytoplankton, the ________ are most noted for their contribution to carbon fixation.

A. dinoflagellates
B. green algae
C. diatoms
D. cyanobacteria

A

C. diatoms

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3
Q

What fraction of all of the organic carbon on earth results from microbial fixation of carbon dioxide in the oceans?

A. about 3/4
B. about 1/2
C. about 1/4
D. about 1/8

A

about 1/2

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4
Q

The possible effect of failing to limit greenhouse gas emissions on the oceans is likely to be which of the following?

A. An increase in dissolved methane will stimulate microbial growth.
B. An increase in dissolved methane will hinder microbial growth.
C. An increase in dissolved carbon dioxide will lower the pH.
D. An increase in dissolved carbon dioxide will raise the pH.

A

An increase in dissolved carbon dioxide will lower the pH.

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5
Q

The oceans contain about ____ percent of the earth’s water.

A. 91
B. 93
C. 95
D. 97

A

97

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6
Q

The solubility of oxygen in water will change in which way when the water temperature is lowered?

A. No change will occur.
B. The solubility will increase.
C. The solubility will decrease.
D. The solubility will first decrease then increase.

A

The solubility with increase

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7
Q

The discharge of high levels of microbial nutrients into marine environments has

A. resulted in the production of large hypoxic or anoxic regions.
B. had negative impacts on shellfish and other bottom-dwelling marine animals.
C. resulted in algal blooms and red tides that have killed marine mammals.
D. all of the choices

A

D. all of the choices

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8
Q

Winogradsky columns

A. are typically used to isolate aquatic protozoa.
B. are used as a model system for studying microbial interactions.
C. are used in the process of isolating nanobacteria.
D. are used in the process of isolating aquatic viruses (virioplankton).

A

are used as a model system for studying microbial interactions.

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9
Q

Barophilic bacteria
A. tolerate high concentration of barium.
B. grow at pressures up to 1.
C. grow only in environments of reduced atmospheric pressure, such as found at high elevation.
D. require high concentrations of H2S gas for growth.

A

B. grow at pressures up to 1

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10
Q

The initial degradation of cellulose that initiates microbial growth in the Winogradsky column is carried out by

A. Clostridium.
B. Desulfovibrio.
C. cyanobacteria.
D. Rhodopseudomonas.

A

Clostridium.

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11
Q

The chemolithotrophs that metabolize reduced sulfur compounds using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor in the Winogradsky column include

A. Desulfovibrio.
B. Beggiatoa.
C. Chromatium.
D. cyanobacteria.

A

Beggiatoa

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12
Q

Thiomargarita species store large amounts of ____________ in huge internal vacuoles.

A. nitrate
B. sulfate
C. oxygen
D. hydrogen sulfide

A

nitrate

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13
Q 
Most microbes that inhabit estuaries are 
A. halophilic.
B. halotolerant.
C. halophobic.
D. halovariable.
A

B. halotolerant.

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14
Q 
A potent neurotoxin that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning in coastal temperate North America are produced by ...
A. diatoms.
B. red algae.
C. green algae.
D. dinoflagellates.
A

D. dinoflagellates.

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15
Q 
The open ocean is a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ environment. 
A. eutrophic
B. oligotrophic
C. neotrophic
D. phylotrophic
A

B. oligotrophic

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16
Q 
In the ocean, organic matter sinks from the surface to great depths as 
A. marine snow.
B. particulate debris.
C. photosynthetic potential.
D. none of the choices
A

A. marine snow.

17
Q 
Growth in ocean areas that are high nutrient and low chlorophyll (HNLC) is limited by the availability of 
A. phosphorus.
B. manganese.
C. iron.
D. nitrogen.
A

C. iron.

18
Q 
In general, microbial growth in the open ocean is most limited by the availability of 
A. phosphorus.
B. manganese.
C. iron.
D. nitrogen.
A

D. nitrogen

19
Q 
Much of the loss of biologically available nitrogen in the ocean is now thought to be due to a consortium of microbes carrying out 
A. the anammox reaction.
B. denitrification.
C. nitrification.
D. nitrogen fixation
A

A. the anammox reaction

20
Q 
The cyanobacterium Trichodesmium 
A. fixes N2 during the day.
B. fixes a significant amount of N2 in oceanic environments.
C. uses nitrite as a source of nitrogen.
D. is a spherical organism.
A

B. fixes a significant amount of N2 in oceanic environments.

21
Q 
SAR11 bacteria are now thought to constitute about \_\_\_\_\_ percent of all microbial life on earth. 
A. five
B. ten
C. twenty five
D. forty
A

C. twenty five

22
Q

The genome of Pelagibacter ubique
A. is the smallest one thus far sequenced for a non-parasitic bacterium.
B. contains no pseudogenes.
C. has a very limited number of nucleotides between coding regions.
D. all of the choices.

A

D. all of the choices.

23
Q

In the open ocean,
A. the relative abundance of Archaea versus Bacteria increases with depth.
B. the relative abundance of Archaea versus Bacteria decreases with depth.
C. Archaea are not present.
D. Archaea are only found in extreme environments such as near thermal vents.

A

A. the relative abundance of Archaea versus Bacteria increases with depth.

24
Q 
When direct examination of virioplankton is carried out by transmission electron microscopy, the numbers obtained are reported as 
A. plaque-forming units.
B. virus-like particles.
C. viral potential.
D. particulate organic matter.
A

B. virus-like particles.

25
Q

The importance of phage-mediated lateral gene transfer by virioplankton was illustrated by the fact that cyanophages thought to infect Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus carry the structural gene for
A. nitrogenase.
B. phycocyanin production.
C. a photosynthetic reaction center protein.
D. all of the choices

A

C. a photosynthetic reaction center protein.

26
Q 
Marine microbes inhabit sediments on the ocean floor at a depth of up to at least 
A. one foot.
B. ten feet.
C. 100 feet.
D. 0.6 kilometers.
A

D. 0.6 kilometers.

27
Q 
Water ecosystems become eutrophic when there is 
A. nutrient enrichment of waters.
B. nutrient removal from waters.
C. acidification of waters.
D. deoxygenation of waters.
A

A. nutrient enrichment of waters.

28
Q 
If phosphorus is added to water that contains no other major nutrients, the major microbial group that will bloom if the water is exposed to light will be the 
A. green sulfur bacteria.
B. green nonsulfur bacteria.
C. green algae.
D. cyanobacteria.
A

D. cyanobacteria.

29
Q 
The process in which diurnal oxygen shifts can occur in a river after organic matter is added is called 
A. self-reduction.
B. self-purification.
C. self-oxidation.
D. self-eutrophication.
A

B. self-purification

30
Q

Methane hydrates found at the bottom of the ocean
A. vastly exceed in amount the world’s current known natural gas reserves.
B. float to the surface where they are consumed by methylotrophs.
C. are only formed in areas of thermal heating.
D. all of the choices

A

A. vastly exceed in amount the world’s current known natural gas reserves.

31
Q 
In which of the following types of waters do seasonal climatic temperature changes result in distinct chemical and microbial stratification? 
A. oceans.
B. lakes in temperate areas.
C. lakes in tropical areas.
D. fast flowing rivers.
A

B. lakes in temperate areas.

32
Q

Competitive advantages for cyanobacteria in the aquatic environment include
A. the ability of many to fix nitrogen.
B. the production of toxins to resist predation.
C. the production of hydroxamates to bind iron.
D. all of the choices

A

D. all of the choices

33
Q 
In streams and rivers, most of the microbial biomass is 
A. floating on the surface.
B. buried in bottom sediments.
C. attached to surfaces.
D. metabolically inactive.
A

C. attached to surfaces.

34
Q 
Microbes within glaciers are 
A. dormant.
B. active.
C. non-existent.
D. barophilic.
A

B. active

35
Q 
Which of the following keep the lakes of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in a liquid state? 
A. pressure.
B. geothermal heating.
C. the insulation of the overlying ice.
D. all of the choices.
A

D. all of the choices.

Microbioloogy Me (11 decks)

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