Ch 35 Pathogenicity and Infection

Question 1

The condition in the host that results from pathogenic parasitic organism growing and multiplying within or on the host is called 
A. an infection.
B. an infectious disease.
C. pathogenesis.
D. all of these.

Answer 1

A. an infection.

Question 2

The final outcome of most host-parasite relationships depends on
A. the number of organisms present in or on the host.
B. the virulence of the organism.
C. the host’s defenses.
D. all of the choices

Answer 2

D. all of the choices

Question 3

Which of the following has no effect on the outcome of the host-parasite relationship?
A. The number of parasites on or in the host.
B. The virulence of the parasite.
C. The defenses of the host.
D. All of these have an effect on the outcome of the host-parasite relationship.

Answer 3

D. All of these have an effect on the outcome of the host-parasite relationship

Question 4

Any organism that can cause disease in the host after direct interaction is a 
A. focal pathogen.
B. opportunistic pathogen.
C. primary pathogen.
D. secondary pathogen.

Answer 4

C. primary pathogen.

Question 5

Matching
 1) Latent
 2) Antitoxin
 3) Opportunistic
 4) Localized
 A. Requires weakened immune system.
 B. Organisms present in tissue for long periods of time.
 C. Not general infection.
 D. A neutralizing antibody.

Answer 5

1-B
2-D
3-A
4-C

Question 6

If a symbiont either harms or lives at the expense of another organism, the relationship is called 
A. symbiosis.
B. parasitism.
C. commensalisms.
D. pathogenicity.

Answer 6

B. parasitism.

Question 7

An organism other than a human that is infected with a parasitic organism that can also infect humans is called a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ host. 
A. reservoir.
B. endoparasite.
C. transfer.
D. intermediate.

Answer 7

A. reservoir.

Question 8

Which of the following is required of a pathogen to possess in order for it to be successful at causing infectious disease?
A. Initially be transported to the host.
B. Be able to exit the host.
C. Ability to adhere to, colonize, or invade the host.
D. Ability to damage the host.
E. All of the choices.

Answer 8

E. All of the choices.

Question 9

An inanimate object that may be contaminated with a pathogen is called a 
A. vector.
B. fomite.
C. zoonoses.
D. none of the choices

Answer 9

B. fomite.

Question 10

Which of the following is a facultative intracellular pathogen? 
A. Viruses
B. Brucella abortus
C. Rickettsia
D. All of the choices

Answer 10

B. Brucella abortus

Question 11

Matching
 1) Reservoir
 2) Fomite
 3) Opportunistic
 4) Nosocomial
 A. Does not harm a healthy host.
 B. Develops during a hospital stay.
 C. Site where the pathogen normally resides.
 D. Inanimate object that may be involved in transmission.

Answer 11

1-C
2-D
3-A
4-B

Question 12

Vector-borne transmission can be either external or internal. In external (mechanical) transmission, the pathogen is carried 
A. on a fomite.
B. on the body surface of a vector.
C. within the vector.
D. all of the choices

Answer 12

B. on the body surface of a vector.

Question 13

Bacteria within biofilms exchange 
A. plasmids.
B. quorum-sensing molecules.
C. nutrients.
D. all of the choices

Answer 13

D. all of the choices

Question 14

Listeria monocytogenes propels itself through mammalian host cells using:
A. a modified form of gliding motility.
B. host cell actin and other cytoskeletal proteins.
C. periplasmic flagella.
D. fimbriae based twitching motility.

Answer 14

B. host cell actin and other cytoskeletal proteins.

Question 15

The toxic component of lipopolysaccharide is called 
A. lipid A.
B. exotoxin.
C. hemolysin.
D. antigen polysaccharide.

Answer 15

A. lipid A.

Question 16

The characteristics of a pathogen that determine its virulence include which of the following? 
A. pathogenicity
B. invasiveness
C. infectivity
D. all of the choice

Answer 16

D. all of the choices

Question 17

Pathogenicity islands are typically associated with
A. genes encoding tRNA.
B. genes encoding rRNA.
C. G+C content similar to the rest of the bacterial genome.
D. none of the choices

Answer 17

A. genes encoding tRNA.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a biological effect associated with endotoxin? 
A. coagulation
B. paralysis
C. fever
D. fibrinolysis

Answer 18

B. paralysis

Question 19

Endotoxin is released when
A. gram negative pathogens lyse or divide.
B. cells are starved for iron.
C. cells are lysogenic for the beta phage.
D. all of the choices

Answer 19

A. gram negative pathogens lyse or divide.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a characteristic of lipid A? 
A. heat stable.
B. toxic in nanogram amounts.
C. weakly immunogenic.
D. neurotoxic.

Answer 20

D. neurotoxic.

Question 21

Endotoxins include which of the following? 
A. diphtheria toxin
B. lipopolysaccharide
C. tetanus toxin
D. botulinum toxin

Answer 21

B. lipopolysaccharide