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Microbioloogy Me > Ch 33 > Flashcards

Ch 33 Flashcards

1
Q 
Blood cell development occurs in the bone marrow of mammals during the process of 
A. hemolysis.
B. hematopoesis.
C. hemostasis.
D. none of these.
A

B. hematopoesis.

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2
Q 
Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses are called 
A. antibodies.
B. antigens.
C. infective agents.
D. inducers.
A

B. antigens.

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3
Q 
Which of the following is a physical barrier in the nonspecific defense of a mammalian host?  
A.  inflammation 
B.  phagocytosis 
C.  fever 
D.  mucous membranes
A

D. mucous membranes

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4
Q

The lungs are protected from microorganisms by
A. the mucociliary blanket.
B. lysozyme in mucus.
C. phagocytic action of alveolar macrophages.
D. all of the choices

A

D. all of the choices

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5
Q 
Tears protect the eyes by 
A. flushing and lysozyme.
B. inflammation.
C. vasodilation.
D. stimulating opsonization.
E. flushing and lysozyme and vasodilation
A

A. flushing and lysozyme.

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6
Q 
Under normal circumstances, which of the following is(are) normally sterile environments in mammals?  
A.  kidneys 
B.  ureters 
C.  urinary bladder 
D.  all of these
A

D. all of these

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7
Q

Which of the following is used to help protect the lungs from infection?
A. Turbulent airflow deposits airborne pathogens on sticky mucosal surfaces.
B. The mucociliary escalator moves trapped organisms away from the lungs by ciliary action.
C. Coughing and sneezing forcefully expel organisms away from the lungs.
D. all of the choices

A

D. all of the choices

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8
Q 
Lysozyme is an enzyme that lyses  
A.  viruses. 
B.  fungi. 
C.  bacteria. 
D.  parasites.
A

C. bacteria.

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9
Q

Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) include
A. lipopolysaccharide.
B. peptidoglycan.
C. phospholipids of the cytoplasmic membrane.
D. two of the choices
E. all of the choices

A

D. two of the choices

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10
Q 
A fever augments the host's defenses by 
A. stimulating leukocytes into action.
B. enhancing microbiostasis.
C. enhancing the activity of the immune system.
D. all of these
A

D. all of these

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11
Q 
Which of the following is considered to be a biological defense mechanism?  
A.  skin 
B.  fever 
C.  gastric acid 
D.  normal microbiota
A

D. normal microbiota

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12
Q 
Which of the following pathways for complement activation is generally dependent upon the formation of antigen-antibody complexes? 
A. The classical pathway.
B. The alternative pathway.
C. The lectin complement pathway.
D. All of the choices.
A

A. The classical pathway.

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13
Q

Complement mediated lysis is achieved by
A. entry of lysozyme into gram-positive bacteria.
B. entry of lysozyme into gram-negative bacteria.
C. entry of lysozyme into gram-positive bacteria and entry of lysozyme into gram-negative bacteria.
D. none of the choices

A

B. entry of lysozyme into gram-negative bacteria.

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14
Q

Which of the following is not a way in which fever augments the host’s defenses?
A. Inhibition of the parasite’s growth by raising the temperature above the optimum growth temperature.
B. Inhibition of growth by decreasing the availability of iron to the organism.
C. Stimulation of leukocytes into action so that they can kill the organism.
D. Enhances the activity of the immune system.

A

A. Inhibition of the parasite’s growth by raising the temperature above the optimum growth temperature.

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15
Q

Complement
A. augments opsonization of bacteria by antibodies.
B. results in lysis of Gram-negative bacteria.
C. results in lysis of Gram-positive bacteria.
D. both augments opsonization of bacteria by antibodies and results in lysis of Gram-negative bacteria
E. all of the choices

A

D. both augments opsonization of bacteria by antibodies and results in lysis of Gram-negative bacteria

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16
Q

Cytokines
A. cause lysis of invading microorganisms.
B. play key roles in both specific and non-specific immunity.
C. are required for regulation of the immune response.
D. play key roles in both specific and non-specific immunity and are required for regulation of the immune response.

A

D. play key roles in both specific and non-specific immunity and are required for regulation of the immune response.

17
Q

The alternate complement pathway plays an important role in
A. innate immunity.
B. aquired immunity.
C. specific immunity.
D. innate immunity and specific immunity.

A

A. innate immunity.

18
Q

Which of the following is (are) way(s) that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism?
A. Lysis of antibody coated gram-negative bacteria.
B. Attract phagocytic cells.
C. Activation of phagocytic cells.
D. All of these are ways that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism.

A

D. All of these are ways that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism.

19
Q

Macrophage
A. are derived from monocytes.
B. have receptors for compounds released by the immune system that coat microorganisms and enhance phagocytosis.
C. spread throughout the body of animals and take up residence in specific tissues.
D. all of the choices

A

D. all of the choices

20
Q

Dendritic cells
A. play an important role in the development of allergies and hypersensitivity.
B. contain granules with histamine and other pharmacologically active substances that contribute to the inflammatory response.
C. are capable of recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play an important role in non-specific resistance.
D. are mainly important in the defense against protozoan and helminth parasites.

A

C. are capable of recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play an important role in non-specific resistance.

21
Q 
Which of the following releases histamine?  
A.  mast cells 
B.  basophils 
C.  plasma cells 
D.  mast cells and basophils 
E.  none of the choices
A

D. mast cells and basophils

22
Q 
Lymphocytes are comprised of which of the following cell types?  
A.  T cells 
B.  B cells 
C.  natural killer cells 
D.  all of the choices 
E.  T cells and B cells only
A

D. all of the choices

23
Q 
Macrophages are derived from  
A.  granulocytes. 
B.  basophils. 
C.  neutrophils. 
D.  monocytes.
A

D. monocytes.

24
Q

Macrophages have surface receptors for all of the following except
A. mannose and fucose.
B. zymosan.
C. antibodies.
D. peptidoglycan.
E. macrophages have receptors for all of the choices.

A

E. macrophages have receptors for all of the choices.

25
Q

Eosinophils defend against protist and helminth parasites by
A. phagocytosis.
B. complement activation.
C. antibody production.
D. releasing cationic proteins and reactive oxygen metabolites.

A

D. releasing cationic proteins and reactive oxygen metabolites.

26
Q 
Which of the following remain in the blood circulation rather than taking up residence in other tissues? 
A. monocytes
B. macrophages
C. neutrophils
D. all of the choices
A

C. neutrophils

27
Q 
Which of the following cell types migrates to the lymphoid tissue after encountering pathogens in the skin or the mucous membranes? 
A. mast cells.
B. dendritic cells.
C. macrophages.
D. none of the choices.
A

B. dendritic cells.

28
Q 
A mature activated B cell is called a(n)  
A.  plasma cell. 
B.  dendritic cell. 
C.  natural killer cell. 
D.  spleen cell.
A

A. plasma cell.

29
Q

Natural killer cells specifically kill which of the following?
A. Tumor cells and cells infected by microorganisms.
B. Gram positive bacteria.
C. Fungi and protozoa.
D. Foreign transplanted tissue.

A

A. Tumor cells and cells infected by microorganisms.

30
Q 
Phagocytosis leads to destruction of engulfed pathogens by which of the following mechanisms? 
A. Lysosomal mediated hydrolysis.
B. Production of bacteriocins.
C. Complement fixation.
D. All of the choices.
A

A. Lysosomal mediated hydrolysis.

31
Q 
Opsonizing antibodies must be against \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ components if they are to effectively stimulate phagocytosis. 
A. surface
B. internal
C. protein
D. polysaccharide
A

A. surface

32
Q 
During chronic inflammation when the macrophages are unable to protect the host from tissue damage, the body attempts to wall off and isolate the site by forming a(n) 
A. clot.
B. cyst.
C. granuloma.
D. vesicle.
A

C. granuloma.

Microbioloogy Me (11 decks)

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