Ch. 4 (sexual health)

Question 1

is a universal theme in all cultures sanctioning sexual privileges and obligations.

Answer 1

“Marriage”

Question 2

economic dimension: Daughter in marriage = payment to the groom/his family for the bride

Answer 2

dowry

Question 3

economic dimension: Value of bride =

Answer 3

virginity (women valued less in a marriage if they were NOT a virgin)

Question 4

economic dimension: Sexual aggression = ________ and _________ _________

Answer 4

power and economic dynamics

Question 5

June 26th, _______ the US legalized same-sex marriage federally. So, states cannot ban same-sex marriage.

Answer 5

2015

Question 6

types of sex education in schools (2):

Answer 6

• Abstinence-only until marriage programs
• Comprehensive or abstinence-plus programs

Question 7

Studies have shown that teaching about ________ is NOT associated with increased risk of adolescent sexual activity or STIs.

Answer 7

contraception

Question 8

Adolescents who received comprehensive sex education had a LOWER risk of ________ than adolescents who received abstinence-only or no sex education.

Answer 8

pregnancy

Question 9

An individual’s biological status (male, female, intersex): anatomy, chromosomes, and biological characteristics

Answer 9

Sex

Question 10

The economic, social, and cultural attributes and opportunities associated with being masculine, feminine, or a combination of both

Answer 10

Gender

Question 11

An individual’s personal subjective sense of being male, female, or somewhere in between (“subjective” sense of being male or female)

Answer 11

Gender identity

Question 12

A person who is born with sex chromosomes, external genitalia, or internal reproductive organs not considered “standard” as male or female – some controversy over the # of ppl diagnosed (0.002-1.7%)

Answer 12

Intersex

Question 13

The way a person acts to communicate gender within a given culture, such as clothing and interests

Answer 13

Gender expression

Question 14

Having characteristics of both sexes, but appearing gender neutral (biological female dressing like a “male”)

Answer 14

Androgyny

Question 15

Umbrella term for anyone whose biological sex is not aligned with the person’s sense of self or gender identity

Answer 15

Transgender

Question 16

Psychological term used to describe a strong and persistent cross-gender identification. Related unease - distress taken away from transgender definition.

Answer 16

Gender dysphoria

Question 17

Process in which transgender people work to change their appearance and societal identity to match their gender identity

Answer 17

Transitioning

Question 18

refers to one’s sexual and romantic attraction to other people, whether the attraction is to members of the opposite sex, the same sex, or both sexes.

Answer 18

Sexual orientation

Question 19

Sexual orientation: Opposite sex

Answer 19

heterosexual

Question 20

Sexual orientation: Same sex

Answer 20

gay, lesbian, homosexual

Question 21

Sexual orientation: Both sexes

Answer 21

bisexual

Question 22

Issues with Sexual Orientations (3):

Answer 22

• Homophobia
• Profiling
• Discrimination in medical care

Question 23

scale ranging from exclusive attraction to varying degrees of heterosexual and homosexual orientation is more helpful for understanding sexual attraction.

Answer 23

Kinsey’s seven-point continuum

Question 24

Low estrogen levels signal this part of the brain to trigger the pituitary gland via Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Answer 24

Hypothalamus

Question 25

Releases Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 25

Pituitary Gland

Question 26

low what levels signals the hypothalamus to trigger the pituitary gland using GnRH?

Answer 26

low estrogen

Question 27

Several follicles begin to mature ova, and estrogen levels rise, then inhibiting FSH secretions

Answer 27

ovaries

Question 28

when estrogen levels rise, what hormone is inhibited?

Answer 28

FSH

Question 29

When estrogen levels high, surge of LH releases that triggers ovulation and release of egg

Answer 29

Dominant Follicle

Question 30

Cellular remnants of ruptured follicle become _____ _______ and release __________-

Answer 30

Corpus luteum; progesterone

Question 31

If pregnancy occurs (egg fertilized), _________ triggers endometrial lining to thicken for implantation in the _________

Answer 31

progesterone; uterus

Question 32

If no pregnancy, _______ ________ decline with degeneration of corpus luteum and uterine lining sheds (menses)

Answer 32

circulating hormones

Question 33

what hormones role is to regulate the menstrual cycle overall and initial thickening of the endometrial lining

Answer 33

Estrogen

Question 34

what hormones role is to further nourish uterine lining (if pregnant)

Answer 34

Progesterone

Question 35

primary emotional center of brain and controls hormone production

Answer 35

hypothalamus

Question 36

what connection to the brain does the fact that stress affects/influences your menstrual cycles (and sexual functioning)

Answer 36

hypothalamus is emotional center of brain + controls hormones (including sex ones)

Question 37

Painful menstrual flow (cramps/can extend to lower abdomen and back)

Answer 37

Dysmenorrhea

Question 38

Group of symptoms linked to menstrual cycle

Answer 38

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Question 39

Severe form of PMS

Answer 39

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

Question 40

Lack of menstrual flow (haven’t begun or low body weight)

Answer 40

Amenorrhea

Question 41

stage of sexuality thru the life span: - Self-genital stimulation - Engage in play that may be viewed as sexual in nature - Curious about secondary sex characteristics

Answer 41

Childhood

Question 42

stage of sexuality thru the life span: puberty

Answer 42

adolescence

Question 43

2 parts of puberty for adolescents:

Answer 43

- secondary sex characteristics - menarche

Question 44

Hair growth, breast budding, vaginal walls thicken, uterus enlarges, vaginal pH increases in acidity

Answer 44

Secondary sex characteristics

Question 45

initiation of menses btw 9-15

Answer 45

Menarche

Question 46

menarche starts about ____ years after breasts start to develop and by the age of _____

Answer 46

2; 15

Question 47

T/F: Triggers of menarche could be related to increased animal protein, high dairy & soft drink consumption, exposures to chemicals, pesticides and higher body fat levels.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

stage of sexuality thru the life span: - Increasing number of single, sexually active adults - Marriage at later age - Increase in the number of women who never marry - Placing career goals and advanced education before marriage - Increased divorce rate - Increase in cohabitating adults - Increase in the number of women who no longer depend on marriage to ensure economic stability

Answer 48

Young to middle adulthood

Question 49

stage of sexuality thru the life span: - Climacteric - Menopause - Decline in frequency and intensity of sexual activity - Quality vs. quantity of sexual expression

Answer 49

Older adulthood

Question 50

physiological changes that occur during period from female fertility to infertility

Answer 50

Climacteric

Question 51

cessation of menstruation; vaginal dryness and thinning, delayed lubrication, hot flashes

Answer 51

Menopause

Question 52

About ____% of U.S. women report sexual problems, with ____ _____ being the most commons sexual problem (38.7%).

Answer 52

44%; low desire

Question 53

low desire was historically called “_______”

Answer 53

frigidity

Question 54

Areas of sexual dysfunction (4):

Answer 54

- Sexual desire disorders - Sexual arousal disorders - Orgasmic disorders - Sexual pain disorders

Question 55

Types of sexual violence (3):

Answer 55

- Sexual assault and rape - Female genital mutilation (FGM) - Forced sterilization

Question 56

type of sexual violence: greatly influences sexual pleasure for women.

Answer 56

female genital mutilation

Question 57

type of sexual violence: used to control population

Answer 57

forced sterilization