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Women's Health > Ch. 10 (Cardiovascular Disease + Cancer) > Flashcards

Ch. 10 (Cardiovascular Disease + Cancer) Flashcards

1
Q

Women are ______ as strong in upper body areas, _______ as strong in lower body and legs.

A

half; two-thirds

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2
Q

women have smaller muscle fiber ______, but individual muscle fibers are the same _________.

A

areas; strength

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3
Q

which gender: Higher percentage of body fat

A

women

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4
Q

what 3 other physical differences are there between men and women?

A
  • lower blood volume
  • smaller hearts
  • less lung capacity
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5
Q

T/F: in other cultures, women traditionally not encouraged to exercise, whereas men are.

A

true

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6
Q

Until __________, funding for men’s activities dwarfed women’s funding.

A

Title IX

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7
Q

Boys are encouraged to _______; girls are taught to _______.

A

excel; fit in

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8
Q

Nearly ______ as many overweight children and _____ times as many overweight adolescents than in 1980

A

twice; three

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9
Q

______ out of _____ adults are overweight; ______% are obese

A

2 out of 3 (65.1%); 41.9%

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10
Q

_____% of U.S. children are overweight; ____% are at risk of becoming overweight

A

16%; 31%

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11
Q

Obesity’s annual cost = more than $_____ _______

A

$150 billion

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12
Q

Americans spend more than $____ ______ per year trying to lose weight.

A

60 billion

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13
Q

____ ______ people are trying to lose weight, and 95% of them are unsuccessful.

A

70 million

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14
Q

one of the countries with highest number of obese WOMEN.

A

US

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15
Q

Healthful strategies for weight loss/management (4):

A
  • Caloric input < caloric output
  • Increase BMR via exercise
  • Balanced, nutritious diet (all six nutrients consumed daily)
  • Reasonable goals; aiming for long-term results
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16
Q

2 greatest causes of death in the United States

A

1) cardiovascular diseases
2) cancer

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17
Q

Cancer in women is most likely to affect ________, _______, _____________, and ______

A

breasts, lung, reproductive system and skin

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18
Q

arteries in heart can’t deliver enough O2 rich blood to heart. This can lead to heart attack (MI).

A

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

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19
Q

82,787 U.S. women died of stroke—the _______ leading cause of death in women.

A

third

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20
Q

T/F: More men than women die of stroke each year.

A

false (more WOMEN)

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21
Q

CHD begins with _____ buildup inside the lining of the coronary arteries.

A

plaque

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22
Q

Plaque begins with ______ cholesterol (bad cholesterol) moving inside the arteries; white blood cells can also get stuck inside the lining and die

A

LDL

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23
Q

Plaque can grow until it takes up _____% of the space in an artery.

A

95%

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24
Q

Weak heart muscles that cannot perform the pumping function with proper vigor; often a disease of older women who have suffered heart damage from other causes

A

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

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25
Q

Problems with the heartbeat (fast, slow, or irregular)

A

Arrhythmias

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26
Q

results from bacterial infection with Streptococcus, which can cause damage to heart valves; can usually be cured with antibiotics

A

Rheumatic heart disease

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27
Q

Problems with the heartbeat (fast, slow, or irregular)

A

Arrhythmias

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28
Q

Chest pain resulting from insufficient supply of blood (oxygen) to heart muscle; disease of the extremities (arms/legs) in which blood supply is diminished, resulting in lack of nutrients and oxygen

A

Angina pectoris

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29
Q

Group of diseases that occur together and cause CVD

A

Metabolic Syndrome

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30
Q

Risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome:

A

1) Elevated waist circumference
-2)High blood lipid levels (Triglycerides)
3) Low HDL levels
4) High blood pressure
5) Elevated fasting blood glucose level

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31
Q

Elevated waist circumference (men + women)

A

Men > 40 inches, Women > 35 inches

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32
Q

High blood lipid levels:

A

Triglycerides > 150 mg/DL

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33
Q

Low HDL levels (men + women)

A

Men < 40 mg/dL Women < 50 mg/DL

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34
Q

High blood pressure:

A

> 130/85 mm Hg

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35
Q

Elevated fasting blood glucose level:

A

> 100 mg/dL

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36
Q

Metabolic syndrome is a greater ____ _____ outcomes for women than it is for men.

A

risk adverse

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37
Q

Blood vessels either within or leading to the brain becomes damaged, blocked, or burst; leads to portions of the brain being unable to receive oxygen, and thus dying; often survivors have a long, difficult recovery process—many thought processes and physical actions may have to be relearned.

A

Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke)

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38
Q

types of strokes (2):

A
  • ischemic
  • hemorrhagic
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39
Q

type of stroke: the most common type, caused by a cerebral thrombus or embolism

A

Ischemic stroke

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40
Q

type of stroke: caused by ruptured blood vessels such as an aneurysm

A

Hemorrhagic stroke:

41
Q

Possible warning signs of strokes =

A

transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)—brief memory loss, garbled speech, or other symptoms

42
Q

Before menopause, women’s ______, in general, protect them from CVD; with menopause, the risk increases more sharply.

A

hormones

43
Q

different symptoms women experience when having a heart attack (3):

A
  • Fewer sharp, intense pains
  • Less shortness of breath
  • More cold sweats, nausea, dizziness
44
Q

T/F: Women are more likely to die from heart attack

A

true

45
Q

a major risk factor for CVD (as well as lung and other cancers).

A

Smoking

46
Q

disease caused by uncontrolled cellular growth or reproduction

A

Cancer

47
Q

any abnormal cell growth

A

Tumor

48
Q

types of tumors (2):

A
  • benign
  • malignant
49
Q

type of tumor: contained

A

benign

50
Q

type of tumor: growing/spreading

A

malignant

51
Q

the process of cancer spreading throughout the body

A

Metastasis

52
Q

a substance that can cause cancer

A

Carcinogen

53
Q

75% of cancers are diagnosed in people aged _____ and older.

A

55

54
Q

the most common cancer in women

A

Breast cancer

55
Q

Second most common =

A

lung cancer (but causes the MOST deaths)

56
Q

which cancer causes the most DEATHS in women?

A

lung cancer

57
Q

Third most common cancer =

A

colorectal

58
Q

Fourth most common cancer =

A

endometrial

59
Q

Most women will find a lump in their breast at some point in their lives. In ___ out of ____ cases, this is not cancer.

A

9 of 10

60
Q

Benign breast diseases (3):

A
  • Fibrocystic breast disease (cystic mastitis)
  • Hyperplasia
  • Fibroadenoma
61
Q

best way to detect abnormal tissues; detects the smallest breast cancers

A

Mammography

62
Q

breast cancer treatment: some breast tissue/some lymph nodes

A

Partial or segmental mastectomy

63
Q

breast cancer treatment: complete breast removal, no lymph nodes

A

Simple mastectomy

64
Q

breast cancer treatment: removes only the tumor and a small rim of normal tissue around it

A

Lumpectomy

65
Q

breast cancer treatment: The whole breast, all of the lymph nodes under the arm, and the chest wall muscles under the breast are removed

A

Radical mastectomy

66
Q

is responsible for almost every case of lung cancer, the deadliest form of cancer for men and women.

A

Cigarette smoking

67
Q

T/F: Lung cancer often spreads to other parts of the body before it can be detected.

A

true

68
Q

Caused by “high risk” strains of HPV

A

cervical cancer

69
Q

T/F: Modern medicine has the potential to prevent almost all cases of cervical cancer.

A

true

70
Q

T/F: Vaccination can prevent most, but not all, cases of cervical cancer (screening still needed).

A

true

71
Q

cervical cancer treatments (3):

A
  • cryosurgery
  • cone biopsy
  • laser cone biopsy (LEEP)
72
Q

type of cervical cancer treatment: freezing off cancer

A

cryosurgery

73
Q

type of cervical cancer treatment: cut deeper cell layers of skin; more painful and longer recover than LEEP

A

cone biopsy

74
Q

type of cervical cancer treatment: less risk

A

laser cone biopsy (LEEP)

75
Q

Benign uterine conditions (3):

A
  • Fibroids:
  • Endometriosis:
  • Endometrial hyperplasia
76
Q

Benign uterine condition: benign tumors made of muscular and fibrous tissue in uterus

A

Fibroids

77
Q

Benign uterine condition: uterine tissue grows outside walls of uterus; when it grows into wall of uterus, called adenomyosis

A

Endometriosis

78
Q

Benign uterine condition: thickening of uterine lining

A

Endometrial hyperplasia

79
Q

when endometriosis grows INTO the wall of uterus, called _______

A

adenomyosis

80
Q

Difficult to detect—too high up to be found on a pelvic examination

A

Malignant Uterine Tumors

81
Q

Benign ovarian growths (2):

A
  • Cysts
  • Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
82
Q

TYPES of cycts (4):

A
  • follicular
  • hemorrhagic
  • epithelial
  • dermoid
83
Q

type of cyst: no egg release

A

follicular

84
Q

type of cyst: bleeding cyst

A

hemorrhagic

85
Q

type of cyst: outside of ovary

A

epithelial

86
Q

type of cyst: from germ cells – hair, teeth

A

dermoid

87
Q

A deadly, stealthy, and largely misunderstood form of cancer.

A

Ovarian cancer

88
Q

Caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus

A

Cervical Cancer

89
Q

T/F: all types of HPV can cause cancer

A

false (only high risk strains)

90
Q

T/F: Most women with high-risk HPV will not develop cervical cancer

A

true

91
Q

T/F: Cervical cancer is easily treated if found early (Pap smear, HPV test)

A

true

92
Q

warning signs of colorectal cancer (2):

A

blood in stool + cramping in lower abdomen

93
Q

2 major risk factors of colorectal cancer =

A

Increasing age + familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

94
Q

types of skin cancer

A
  • melanomas
  • nonmelanomas
95
Q

type of skin cancer: WORSE

A

melanomas

96
Q

type of skin cancer: basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas

A

nonmelanomas

97
Q

Screening and diagnosis for skin cancer = skin exam looking for _______

A

ABCD

98
Q

what does ABCD stand for in a skin exam for cancer?

A

Asymmetry
Border irregularities
Color irregularities
Diameter

Women's Health (8 decks)

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