Ch. 3 (health promotion & disease prevention)

Question 1

Study of pattern of disease in a population

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

New cases of a condition that occur during a specified period of time

Answer 2

Incidence

Question 3

The total number of people affected by a given condition at a point in time or during a period of time

Answer 3

Prevalence

Question 4

The incidence of death in a given population during a particular time period. It is calculated by dividing the number of deaths in a population by the total population.

Answer 4

Mortality rate

Question 5

The incidence of illness in a given population during a particular time period. It is calculated in a similar manner to mortality rate.

Answer 5

Morbidity rate

Question 6

Level of Prevention: Reducing exposure to a risk factor that may lead to the disease

Answer 6

primary prevention

Question 7

primary prevention examples (4):

Answer 7

• Healthy nutrition (preventing heart disease and cancer)
• Regular physical activity (preventing heart disease and other diseases)
• Cessation of smoking (preventing lung cancer and other diseases)
• Safe sexual practices (preventing sexually transmitted infections)

Question 8

Level of Prevention: Early detection and prompt treatment of disease

Answer 8

secondary prevention

Question 9

secondary prevention examples (4):

Answer 9

• Screening tools such as mammography
• Pap smears, and HPV testing (find cancer early)
• Prompt use of medications after a disease is diagnosed
• Lifestyle behaviors to control chronic diseases that cannot be prevented (e.g., keep diabetes, asthma under control)

Question 10

Level of Prevention: Takes place once a disease has advanced

Answer 10

tertiary prevention

Question 11

tertiary prevention examples (4):

Answer 11

• Alleviating pain, providing comfort to a cancer patient
• Halting progression of an illness
• Limiting disability after a serious injury
• Restoring function through rehabilitation after a person has had a stroke

Question 12

T/F: Most health care in the U.S. focuses on fixing problems, not preventing them.

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Xavier Becerra

Answer 13

Secretary for Health and Human Services

Question 14

Rachel Levine

Answer 14

Assistant Secretary for Health

Question 15

Vivek Murthy

Answer 15

Surgeon General

Question 16

Rochelle Walensky

Answer 16

Director of the Centers for Disease Control Overview Education (CDC)

Question 17

Anthony Fauci

Answer 17

director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) – NIH

Question 18

by 2030, ____ in _____ American women will be Hispanic.

Answer 18

1 in 5

Question 19

by 2030, ___ in _____ American women will be Asian.

Answer 19

1 in 14

Question 20

by 2030, ___ in _____ American women will be older than 65 years.

Answer 20

1 in 4

Question 21

T/F: the United States will become more Latino, more Asian, and less White.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

Delay of marriage and family to focus on careers new issues (2):

Answer 22

• fertility
• parenting at older ages

Question 23

Teenage mothers Issues (2):

Answer 23

• childbearing responsibilities
• grandparents raising children

Question 24

Choice to not have children
Issue:

Answer 24

pursue career and other opportunities

Question 25

Barriers to health care to LGBT (3):

Answer 25

- Belief that routine gynecological care or contraception to protect from STIs is not needed - Homophobia from healthcare providers - Lack of health insurance because of lack of eligibility for lesbian partner vs. heterosexual spouse

Question 26

Incarcerated women health issues (3):

Answer 26

- Drug addictions - mental health issues - Lack of regular health care

Question 27

Women with disabilities health issues (3):

Answer 27

- Focus of less research and clinical attention - Possible physical barriers, such as inaccessible facilities or examination equipment - Possible communication barriers

Question 28

Ten leading risk factors account for more than _____% of the disease burden worldwide (WHO).

Answer 28

40%

Question 29

Almost _________ global deaths related to childbirth—99% in developing countries

Answer 29

300,000

Question 30

T/F: Infectious diseases, many of them curable, are a much bigger problem in the developing world.

Answer 30

true

Question 31

Stages of Life (4):

Answer 31

1) Adolescence 2) Young adulthood 3) Midlife 4) The senior years

Question 32

stage of life: Begins with onset of puberty and continues until approximately age 17 Secondary sex characteristics/menstruation

Answer 32

adolescence

Question 33

stage of life: Sense of self with increased independence

Answer 33

young adulthood

Question 34

stage of life: Job advancement and establishment of productive careers

Answer 34

midlife

Question 35

young adulthood age range:

Answer 35

18 - 44

Question 36

adolescent age range:

Answer 36

onset of puberty - 17

Question 37

midlife age range:

Answer 37

45 - 64

Question 38

senior years age range:

Answer 38

65+

Question 39

adolescent health problems (3):

Answer 39

- Sense of identity - Peer pressure - Risky behaviors—sexual relations, substance use, tattooing and piercing

Question 40

young adult problem:

Answer 40

Risky behaviors—sexual activity, substance abuse, violence (date rape), poor nutrition, lack of exercise

Question 41

midlife problems (4):

Answer 41

- raising children - caring for elderly parents - working to keep healthy relationships - Menopause

Question 42

senior years problems (4):

Answer 42

- retirement - possible loss of spouse and friends - depression - chronic conditions

Question 43

a time when friends become an important influence in a girl’s life.

Answer 43

Adolescence