Ch. 3 (health promotion & disease prevention) Flashcards
Study of pattern of disease in a population
Epidemiology
New cases of a condition that occur during a specified period of time
Incidence
The total number of people affected by a given condition at a point in time or during a period of time
Prevalence
The incidence of death in a given population during a particular time period. It is calculated by dividing the number of deaths in a population by the total population.
Mortality rate
The incidence of illness in a given population during a particular time period. It is calculated in a similar manner to mortality rate.
Morbidity rate
Level of Prevention: Reducing exposure to a risk factor that may lead to the disease
primary prevention
primary prevention examples (4):
- Healthy nutrition (preventing heart disease and cancer)
- Regular physical activity (preventing heart disease and other diseases)
- Cessation of smoking (preventing lung cancer and other diseases)
- Safe sexual practices (preventing sexually transmitted infections)
Level of Prevention: Early detection and prompt treatment of disease
secondary prevention
secondary prevention examples (4):
- Screening tools such as mammography
- Pap smears, and HPV testing (find cancer early)
- Prompt use of medications after a disease is diagnosed
- Lifestyle behaviors to control chronic diseases that cannot be prevented (e.g., keep diabetes, asthma under control)
Level of Prevention: Takes place once a disease has advanced
tertiary prevention
tertiary prevention examples (4):
- Alleviating pain, providing comfort to a cancer patient
- Halting progression of an illness
- Limiting disability after a serious injury
- Restoring function through rehabilitation after a person has had a stroke
T/F: Most health care in the U.S. focuses on fixing problems, not preventing them.
true
Xavier Becerra
Secretary for Health and Human Services
Rachel Levine
Assistant Secretary for Health
Vivek Murthy
Surgeon General
Rochelle Walensky
Director of the Centers for Disease Control Overview Education (CDC)
Anthony Fauci
director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) – NIH
by 2030, ____ in _____ American women will be Hispanic.
1 in 5
by 2030, ___ in _____ American women will be Asian.
1 in 14
by 2030, ___ in _____ American women will be older than 65 years.
1 in 4
T/F: the United States will become more Latino, more Asian, and less White.
true
Delay of marriage and family to focus on careers new issues (2):
- fertility
- parenting at older ages
Teenage mothers Issues (2):
- childbearing responsibilities
- grandparents raising children
Choice to not have children
Issue:
pursue career and other opportunities
Barriers to health care to LGBT (3):
- Belief that routine gynecological care or contraception to protect from STIs is not needed
- Homophobia from healthcare providers
- Lack of health insurance because of lack of eligibility for lesbian partner vs. heterosexual spouse
Incarcerated women health issues (3):
- Drug addictions
- mental health issues
- Lack of regular health care
Women with disabilities health issues (3):
- Focus of less research and clinical attention
- Possible physical barriers, such as inaccessible facilities or examination equipment
- Possible communication barriers
Ten leading risk factors account for more than _____% of the disease burden worldwide (WHO).
40%
Almost _________ global deaths related to childbirth—99% in developing countries
300,000
T/F: Infectious diseases, many of them curable, are a much bigger problem in the developing world.
true
Stages of Life (4):
1) Adolescence
2) Young adulthood
3) Midlife
4) The senior years
stage of life: Begins with onset of puberty and continues until approximately age 17
Secondary sex characteristics/menstruation
adolescence
stage of life: Sense of self with increased independence
young adulthood
stage of life: Job advancement and establishment of productive careers
midlife
young adulthood age range:
18 - 44
adolescent age range:
onset of puberty - 17
midlife age range:
45 - 64
senior years age range:
65+
adolescent health problems (3):
- Sense of identity
- Peer pressure
- Risky behaviors—sexual relations, substance use, tattooing and piercing
young adult problem:
Risky behaviors—sexual activity, substance abuse, violence (date rape), poor nutrition, lack of exercise
midlife problems (4):
- raising children
- caring for elderly parents
- working to keep healthy relationships
- Menopause
senior years problems (4):
- retirement
- possible loss of spouse and friends
- depression
- chronic conditions
a time when friends become an important influence in a girl’s life.
Adolescence
