Ch 4 notes

Question 1

common or concerning symptoms

Answer 1

fatigue and weakness; fever, chills, night sweats; weight changes; pain

Question 2

fatigue

Answer 2

a sense of weariness or loss of energy

normal response to hard work, sustained stress, or grief

Question 3

weakness

Answer 3

a demonstrable loss of muscle power

Question 4

what signs accompany a rising temperature

Answer 4

feeling cold, goosebumps, and shivering

Question 5

what signs accompany a falling temperature

Answer 5

feeling hot and sweating

Question 6

what causes weight changes

Answer 6

changes in body fluids or tissues

Question 7

what is considered clinically significant weight loss

Answer 7

a loss of 5% or more of usual body weight over a 6 month period

Question 8

what does weight loss with a relatively high food intake indicate

Answer 8

diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, or malabsorption

Question 9

symptoms of malnutrition

Answer 9

weakness, easy fatigability, cold intolerance, flaky dermatitis, and ankle swelling

Question 10

what disease states are at increased risk of forming if a patient is overweight or obese

Answer 10

heart disease, numerous types of cancers, type 2 diabetes, stroke, arthritis, sleep apnea, and depression

Question 11

four steps to promote optimal weight and nutrition

Answer 11

1. measure BMI and waist circumference; identify risk of overweight or obesity and establish additional risk factors for heart disease and obesity related diseases
2. assess dietary intake
3. assess the patient’s motivation to change
4. provide counseling about nutrition and exercise

Question 12

what do you look at for the general appearance category

Answer 12

apparent state of health, level of consciousness, signs of distress, skin color and obvious lesions, dress/grooming/personal hygeine, facial expression, odors of the body and breath, posture/gait/motor activity, and height and weight

Question 13

pain

Answer 13

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience

Question 14

chronic pain

Answer 14

pain not associated with cancer or other medical condition that persists for more than 3-6 months

Question 15

nociceptive pain

Answer 15

linked to tissue damage to the skin, musculoskeletal system, or viscera but the sensory nervous system is intact

Question 16

neuropathic pain

Answer 16

a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system

Question 17

central sensitization pain

Answer 17

alteration of central nervous system processing of sensation, leading to amplification of pain signals

Question 18

psychogenic pain

Answer 18

involves the many factors that influence the patient’s report of pain - psychiatric conditions like anxiety and depression, personality and coping style, cultural norms, and social support systems

Question 19

idiopathic pain

Answer 19

pain without an identifiable etiology

Question 20

risk factors for fatal opioid overdose

Answer 20

> 65yo, depression, substance abuse, and concurrent benzodiazepine treatment