Ch 4-6: Policing Flashcards
Frankpledge System (1534)
System of law enforcement/policing where members of society were responsible for each other (tithing; shire reeve)
Colonial America (1700s)
Night watch, sheriffs, slave patrols (paddy rollers)
Paddy rollers (slave patrols)
Caught runaway slaves; brutal; slave often didn’t return alive
First police department in the US (1845)
New York Police Dept
First modern police force in the world (1829)
London Metropolitan Police
3 issues of developing police agencies in 1840s
Limited police authority, everything was under local control, and fragmented/shared responsibility between diff agencies
Political Era (1840-1920)
Had sheriffs (first policing title made) and US marshalls
Professional Model Era (1920-1970)
No politics related, well-trained, disciplined, and tight organization; focused on equal law enforcement and fighting crime; started using technology
Community Policing Era (1970-now)
Forming relationships within community; proactive problem solving; and organizational change (which doesn’t happen often)
3 most effective aspects of problem-oriented policing
Reducing crime in places w elevated risk, improving police efficiency, and solving more serious crime
State agency
Government that has jurisdiction over a whole state and its political subdivisions
Native American Tribal Police
Has jurisdiction only on reservations
Municipal agency
Has jurisdiction over town/city
Special Jurisdiction Agencies
Has jurisdiction over special borders (park rangers, campus police)
30x30 initiative
Goal to have 30% of PD be women by 2030
Black Shield Police Association
Aims to increase awareness of black and minority police officers (1946)
First female officer of color
Georgia Ann Robison 1916
Incident-driven policing
Calls made to police make top priority
Differential response system
Assigns priority to certain cases over others
CompStat
Police management system to keep track of productivity
Reactive vs proactive cops
Cops are supposed to be reactive (respond to crime) not proactive (seeking crime)
Clearance rate
% of crimes known to have been solved by arrest
Preventative patrol
Cops walking around to control crime
Directed patrol
Particular areas with more crimes has more officers
Foot patrol
Officers on foot walking through neighborhoods
Aggressive patrol
Zero tolerance policing (no discretion)
Community patrol
Building relationships with community (holding events, dressing up as Santa, attending school events)
Subculture
Beliefs, symbols, culture, values, attitudes, shared by members of a subgroup within a larger community
Police subculture
Secrecy, solidarity, social isolation, and working personality
Corruption
Violating law for own personal gain
Who’s most subject to excessive use of force
Black Americans (12x more likely to be victims)
International affairs unit
Returns fugitives, transfers ppl to serve sentences in their home country, and works with domestic partners and foreign counterparts
Civilian review boards
Misconduct by local police forces may be independently investigated by representatives of the civilian population
Civil liability lawsuits
Right as US citizens to sue others, even an officer but that’s often dismissed
Qualified immunity
Legal protection granted to govt/police shielding them from civil rights lawsuits if the legal standards weren’t clear enough for the officer to know what they were doing was wrong
