Ch 10: Corrections Flashcards
Deterrence
Punishing the offender as a way to discourage further offending
General deterrence
Aiming to prevent crime by punishing offenders and making the public fear the consequences of crime
Specific deterrence
Aiming to prevent a particular offender from committing future crimes
Incapacitation
Removing offender from society to prevent them from committing future crimes
Selective incapacitation
Sentencing policy that aims to reduce crime by imprisoning repeat offenders for longer sentences
Rehabilitation
Providing offender w treatment to re-enter society as law-abiding, productive member
4 types of punishment
Incarceration, intermediate sanctions, probation, death penalty
Indeterminate sentence
Sentence that doesn’t have a set length of time, so the release date is uncertain; court sets min and max time
Determinate sentence
Firm sentence w specific period
Presumptive sentence
Legislature/commission sets min and max range of months or years for sentence and judges set length of the sentence within that range
Mandatory sentence
Law determined sentence
Good time
Time off sentence for good behavior
Gain/earned time
Time off sentence by doing programs or work
Truth in sentencing
One must serve the most of a sentence before being released on parole
Consecutive sentence
Sentence faced one one after another
Concurrent sentence
Multiple sentences served at the same time
Corrections pre 1800s
Mostly physical punishments
Enlightenment years
1615-1815
Philadelphia Society
Aim of correcting abuses in the city jail
Walnut Street Prison
First US state penitentiary; had separate confinement; Philadelphia; 1790
Eastern State Penitentiary
Overcrowding led to end of separate confinement; physical beatings; 1829
Auburn Correctional Facility
Congregate system; contract labor system; NY; 1819
Congregate system
Prisoners classified by their offenses, worked during the day for goods sold by the state, and slept in separate cells
Contract labor system
Inmates were sold to do labor for private companies who made household items
The 1800s South
Had lease system (worked in exchange for food/clothes) and every prisoner was black
1870 National Prison Association reform meeting in Cincinnati
Indeterminate sentences instead of fixed sentences
Elmira Reformation
First reformatory; used mark system
Mark system
Points can be earned to reduce sentence
Rehabilitation Model/Medical Model (1930-1970)
Trying to fix/rehabilitate people; over diagnosed criminogenic ppl
Community Model (1970s)
Goal to avoid incarceration, hindered ppl from engaging in crime, promoted crime free lifestyle, probation > incarceration, short incarceration sentences
Crime Control Model (1980-now)
Record high # of incarceration, all criminals off the street, “get tough on crime”, nothing for criminals to pass time (ex: tv)
(Starting to move out of this)
5 levels of federal prisons
Minimum security, low security, medium security, high security, administrative security
Anti Contract Law of 1877
Didn’t allow private ppl to cell people
1873 Indiana Women’s Prison
First all women’s prison (women prisoners and guards)
Minimum security
Unfenced dorm/camp style system made for nonviolent first time offenders
Low security
Fenced dorm style system for nonviolent offenders
Medium security
System for violent and sex offenses; in cells, mulitple fences, and armed perimeter guards
High security
System for most violent offenders with cells, armed guard towers/patrols, multiple fences
Administrative security
Special system for those unsuited to other facilities (medical institutions, escape-prones, admax, supermax)
Types of state correction systems
Community correction and state prison system
