Ch 14: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

New York House of Refuge

Answer 1

First juvenile facility (1825)

Question 2

1899

Answer 2

First juvenile court established in Illinois

Question 3

1920s

Answer 3

Every state had juvenile courts

Question 4

In re Gault

Answer 4

Constitutional law that protects 5th amendment due process for juveniles (1967)

Question 5

1971

Answer 5

Juveniles don’t have the 7th amendment right to trial by jury

Question 6

Juvenile justice process

Answer 6

Arrest/referral, juvenile intake, petition, detention hearing, fitness hearing, adjudication, disposition hearing

Question 7

Juvenile intake

Answer 7

Dismissal, diversion, or petition

Question 8

Status offender

Answer 8

Offenders crime was illegal because of their age

Question 9

Juvenile offender/delinquent

Answer 9

Child offender committed a crime that’d be a crime whether they’re a child or adult

Question 10

Petition

Answer 10

Deciding whether offender is a status offender or juvenile delinquent

Question 11

Detention hearing

Answer 11

First appearance and determines pretrial custody

Question 12

Fitness hearing

Answer 12

Determines whether to transfer offender to adult system

Question 13

Adjudication

Answer 13

Trial

Question 14

Disposition hearing

Answer 14

Punishment is determined

Question 15

Diversion

Answer 15

Redirecting juvenile offenders through programming, supervision, and supports

Question 16

Advantages of diversion

Answer 16

Reduces premature involvement in juvenile justice system, avoids labeling theory, cheaper than incarceration, and keeps youth in community

Question 17

Disadvantages of diversion

Answer 17

Net-widening, recidivism, and bias

Question 18

Delinquency

Answer 18

Criminal act of a child under 18 at the time the crime occured

Question 19

War on Drugs (1980s-90s)

Answer 19

Period of time when juvenile crime rates increased and juveniles could be moved to adult court

Question 20

School to prison pipeline

Answer 20

Police presence in schools encouraged → harsher punishments → result in suspensions and/or arrest

Question 21

Juvenile detention rights

Answer 21

Right to edu, outdoor time, activities, religious practices, and family access

Question 22

Issues with the juvenile justice system

Answer 22

Not a deterrent; impacts edu and mental health; higher recidivism; exposes kids to abuse; employment impact; bias; slows mental development

Question 23

Better options than juvenile detention

Answer 23

Youth advocate programs mentors, intensive therapy, wraparound programs, YouthBuild, restorative justice, other community programs