Ch 2: Crime, Criminology, and Victimization Flashcards

1
Q

Robbery

A

Taking someones property through threats, force, or violence

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2
Q

Burglary

A

Unlawful entry into structure with intent to commit a crime inside

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3
Q

Theft

A

Unlawful removal of property

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4
Q

Larceny

A

Stealing of physical property from its owner

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5
Q

Petty theft

A

Theft of goods under $500

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6
Q

Grand theft

A

Theft of goods over $500

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7
Q

Auto theft

A

Theft of automobile/vehicle

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8
Q

Disorderly conduct

A

Anything that disturbs the peace; discretionary law

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9
Q

Visible crime

A

Crimes committed publicly that are easily observable

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10
Q

Violent crimes

A

Acts against people that result in death or physical injury

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11
Q

Property crimes

A

Acts that threaten property held by individual or state without use of threat or violence

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12
Q

Public order crime

A

Considered illegal bc they conflict w social policy, morals, or public opinion

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13
Q

Occupational crime

A

Offenses committed through opportunities created in legal business or occupation

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14
Q

Organized crime

A

Structured group that makes a profit through illegal activities and survives through the use of force, threats, and corruption

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15
Q

Transnational crime

A

Crime whose planning or execution crosses borders of countries

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16
Q

Victimless crime

A

Legal offense where no one is identifiable victim

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17
Q

Political crime

A

Crime usually for an ideological purpose that are considered against the state but can also be committed by the state

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18
Q

Cybercrime

A

Use of computers and the internet to commit acts against ppl, property, public order, or morality

19
Q

Uniform crime report (UCR)

A

Annually published statistical summary of crimes reported to the police based on voluntary reports to FBI by local, state, and federal law enforcement (misdemeanors didn’t require victim info)

20
Q

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

A

Captures details on crime incident and separate offenses within the same incident (collects all crime, offender, and victim info)

21
Q

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

A

Biannual survey of a sample of household to ask questions regarding their victimization

22
Q

Criminology

A

Study of how sociology/psych influences crime and how law effects society

23
Q

Criminal justice

A

Study of the system of law enforcement, procedures/policies, and how the systems interact with individuals

24
Q

Classical theory

A

Crime done by free will where offender can weigh out cost vs benefit and their punishment fits crime

25
Q

Positivist/biological theory

A

Criminals are biologically different people and can be analyzed with science

26
Q

Psychological theory

A

Emphasizes mental processes and how someones raised
(psychopath, sociopath, antisocial personality disorder)

27
Q

Sociological theory

A

Where one lives/grew up and their social conditions affect their entrance into criminal life

28
Q

Life course theory

A

Asks what point criminality starts and stops, explores turning point in ones life, and that criminality starts at an early age

29
Q

Integrated theory

A

A mixture of theories explains crime more superiorly than any individual theory

30
Q

Gender theory

A

Women commit less violent crimes and less crimes in general; women are usually victims and are less likely to be suspects

31
Q

Victimology

A

Scientific study of causes of victimization, consequences, and how criminal justice system helps victims

32
Q

Victim precipitation

A

Extent to which victim is responsible for their own victimization

33
Q

Victim facilitation

A

Victim unintentionally makes it easier for an offender to commit a crime; helps understand why one person may be victimized over another but does not connote blame and responsibility

34
Q

Victim provocation

A

When a person incites someone else to commit a crime

35
Q

Secondary victim

A

Someone who suffers harm indirectly

36
Q

Cost of victimization

A

How much/what a victim loses or suffers as a result of a crime

37
Q

Victim of Rights Act

A

(1984) Authorizes crime victim compensation and assistance to victims of federal and state crimes

38
Q

Victims Rights and Restitution Act

A

(1990) Requires all Federal law enforcement agency officers and employees to give victims rights to fairness, respect, dignity, protection

39
Q

Violence Against Women Act

A

(1994) Gives prevention programs and prosecution efforts for violent crimes against women/children and improves criminal justice responses to sexual assault, domestic violence, dating violence, and stalking

40
Q

Crime Victims Act

A

(2004) Allows victims to speak at sentencing hearings, not just to submit victim impact statements

41
Q

1st degree murder

A

Premeditated murder that’s carried out with intent to kill

42
Q

2nd degree murder

A

Murder carried out with intent to kill but wasn’t premeditation

43
Q

3rd degree murder

A

Murder with no intent to kill and no premeditation