Ch 29-30 Flashcards
In the common suburban family, the father was usually a __________
Veteran of WW2
What was the nickname given to the 50’s?
Happy days
This enabled veterans to receive low interest loans for housing or furthering their college education
G-i bill of rights
Office or sales jobs were also known as ___________
White collar jobs
Roughly 1/3 of the population in the 50’s lived in the _________
Suburbs
The most famous suburb was called __________
Levittown
Who built Levittown?
William Levitt
Where was the first Levittown created?
Long Island
Levitt used the idea of the __________ to rapidly build homes and suburbs
Assembly line
Life in the suburbs focused on ___________
Family, community, church, and school
Housing construction and car production were large contributors to the ___________
Post war boom
Even though times were prosperous, families still dealt with large _________
Debt
Family life in the 50’s was characterized by a feeling of ____________
Togetherness
Why was there a large baby boom in the 50’s?
Soldiers returning from the war were ready to settle down, get married, and start a family
Gas during the 50’s was _______
Cheap
This act created the highway system we have today, it was the largest project the federal government ever took part in
Interstate highway act
Who proposed the interstate highway act?
Eisenhower
These were a group of people who challenged conformity in literature and poetry,
Beatniks
Who was the most famous beatnik?
Jack Kerouac
What was the name of Jack Kerouac’s book that was controversial because of its vulgar language and use of drugs?
On the Road
She led the feminist movement in the 50’s and 60’s..
Betty Frudain
What was the name of Betty Fruidans book?
The Feminine Mystique
People called Rock and a Roll __________
The devils music
Who was the most famous rock and roll musician to emerge in this era?
Elvis Presley
This was the first satellite to orbit earth; it was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957
Sputnik
Why did the launch of Sputnik scare Americans?
It gave the Soviet Union greater potential to launch missiles
What did congress create in response to Sputnik?
NASA
What does NASA stand for?
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
What did congress promote in schools as a result of Sputnik?
Better math and science programs; going to college
What year did the US land the first man on the moon?
1969
Whose goal was it to get a man on the moon?
JFK
Who did Truman defeat in the election of 1948?
Thomas Dewey
This was Truman’s attempt to piggy back off of FDR’s new deal programs
Fair Deal
Why was Truman’s Fair Deal never successful?
He ran up against Republicans and Democrats who thought he was biting off more than he could chew
Truman’s fair deal involved what?
Health insurance, education, and fair employment standards
Although Truman’s fair deal never was implemented it ________________ for future legislation
Laid the groundwork
What two Fair deal programs got passed by congress?
- increasing minimum wage to $0.75
- expanding social security
Who was the republican president from 1953-1961?
Eisenhower
Eisenhower took in the ideal of _______________, he was conservative on money but liberal on people
Modern republicanism
What did Eisenhower do about the New Deal programs left from FDR’s and Truman’s presidencies?
He kept them
After WW2, there was a renewed struggle for _____________
Civil rights
What factors sparked the renewed spirit for civil rights?
- The Cold War
- Poor living conditions in the south
- Although African Americans benefited economically from the war, they still lagged socially and politically
Truman tried to issue ___________ legislation but it was never passed by congress
Civil rights
What did Truman desegregate in 1948 through executive force?
Armed forces
What little black girl wanted to go to school to A white school for its safety and closer distance from her home?
Linda Brown
This famous Supreme Court case ended the separate but equal clause established by Plessy v Ferguson
Brown vs Board of Education
Who brought forth Brown v Board of Education to the supreme court?
Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP
Thurgood Marshall went on to be the first black ___________
Supreme Court Justice
9 African American students famously attempted to enroll and attend an all white school in __________
Little Rock Arkansas
Governor of Arkansas, __________, called on the national guard to keep the students of little rock from attending
Orville Faubus
What did Eisenhower do about the situation in Little Rock?
He sent paratroopers to escort the students to class
Who refused to give up her spot on a bus in Montgomery Alabama?
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks sparked a year long ________ of the bus system
Boycott
What did the Supreme Court do as a result of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
They ruled to desegregate the busses in Montgomery
Where did 4 college students famously sit in at a segregated counter?
Greensborough North Carolina
What famous civil rights leader emerged from The Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Martin Luther King Jr
What famous civil rights organization did MLKJ help lead?
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
This civil rights organization provided a way for younger people to get involved in the movement
Student Non-Violent Coordination Committee (SNCC)
Who was the doctrine of Civil Disobedience modeled after ?
Henry David Thoreau
Who did MLKJ model is ideas of non-violent protest after?
Ghandi
Because of the baby boom, Levittown was nicknamed __________ and __________
Fertility Valley and Rabbit Hutch
William Levitt went on to build two more Levittown’s in ___________ and ____________
Pennsylvania and New Jersey
The Levittown’s were ________ communities
Diverse
What group was rigidly excluded form Levittown’s?
African Americans
Who led the second red scare?
Joseph McCarthy
What major factors contributed to postwar prosperity?
- demand for consumer goods
- Cold War
How did the Cold War boost prosperity?
- Marshall Plan and other similar programs helped boost export trade
- the Korean War helped turnover a brief recession
- national defense spending
Which areas benefited the most from the postwar boom?
The sunbelt areas of the south and west
Which areas struggled the most after the war?
New England
Why did the Plains not prosper much?
Low prices on crops
Economic growth ________ towards the second half of the 50’s
Slowed
Suburban life was dependent on ________
Cars
During the 50’s, people ___________ from their extended family
Grew apart
An increase in young kids led to a need for ____________ in schools
Federal aid
During the 50’s people attending college ____________
Increased
What was the name of the first US satellite sent into space?
The explorer
Who did Eisenhower appoint as the assistant for science and technology?
James R Killian
What Astronaut flew around the globe in 5 hours?
John Glenn
This act authorized federal funding of science and foreign language programs in schools and colleges
National Defense Education Act
Who was the democratic candidate in the election of 1956?
Stevenson
Who was the republican candidate in the election of 1956?
Eisenhower
Who was JFK’s father?
Joseph Kennedy
What did Joseph Kennedy serve as?
Ambassador to England
Why was the role of Kennedy’s father controversial?
His father had agreed to the appeasement of Hitler at Munich
What college did JFK graduate from?
Harvard
What branch of the military did JFK enter? What war did he fight in?
Navy, WW2
JFK was the __________ appointed president
Youngest
What religion did JFK practice?
Catholicism
Who was the wife of JFK?
Jacqueline Kennedy
The nationally televised debates vs ________ helped Kennedy win the election
Nixon
How did JFK win the votes of African Americans?
He had is brother attempt to get MLKJ out of jail
Who served as VP under JFK?
Lyndon B Johnson
Kennedy’s __________ was composed of things he wanted to focus on during his presidency
New Frontier
What did JFK’s New Frontier deal with?
Education, health care, and civil rights
What did JFK increase the minimum wage to?
$1.25
Why did JFK have trouble passing some of his new frontier programs?
He was unable to break the conservative wing of congress (northern republicans and southern democrats)
In 1963, Kennedy proposes a $13.5 billion __________ bill
Tax reduction
JFK funded projects to create ______
Jobs
Where did most of JFK’s spending to to?
Space program
What mission landed a man on the moon?
Apollo mission
JFK was ____ to move on civil rights
Slow
Why was JFK slow to move on civil rights?
He wanted to keep the votes of the southern democrats
Eventually, what opened up the eyes of JFK to increase his fight for civil rights?
The violence in Birmingham
JFK made high level African American __________ in government jobs
Appointments
JFK created the ________ which allowed high schoolers to volunteer two years after graduation in a developing country
Peace corpse
Where was JFK visiting when he was assassinated?
Dallas Texas
Who was the gunman who shot JFK?
Lee Harvey Oswald
This was issued by chief justice Earl aware and said that Oswald was the sole culprit in the assassination of Kennedy
Warren Report
What was JFK’s top priority from the moment he entered office?
Foreign policy
Why was JFK critical of Eisenhower?
He decreased defense spending
JFK wanted to move the US away from the old policy of _________
Massive retaliation
Who was JFK’s appointed Secretary of Defense?
Robert McNamara
What did Kennedy and McNamara use to diversify the ways the US responded to crises around the world?
Flexible Response
The new Flexible Response involved creating the __________
The Green Berets
The US had previously had a good relationship with the Cuban government led by _________
Batista
Who overthrew the Batista regime in Cuba?
Fidel Castro
Who did Castro get aid from?
Soviets
Castro declared he would turn Cuba into a ___________ government
Communist
Who was the Soviet leader at the time?
Nikita Khrushchev
How long did it take for the US to take action after the announced alliance of the Soviets and Cuba?
Not very long
This was a failed CIA mission to topple the Castro regime
The bay of pigs
The Bay of Pugs operation was meant to start an uprising of ________ to take down the government.
Locals
Why did Khrushchev create a wall in berlin?
To stop the flow of talent and brains to the west
Who was president when the Berlin Wall fell?
George Bush
In October of 1962, a U2 spy plane took pictures of ______________ in Cuba
Missile sites
At first, what did Khrushchev say about the sites?
He denied them publically
What did JFK and his advisors decide to do about the missile situation in Cuba?
Quarantine them
A _________ was put in place from Russian to DC so leaders could contact each other in time of crises
Hotline
What were the conditions for Khrushchev to take the missiles out of Cuba?
- US must never invade Cuba
- US must agree to remove missiles from turkey
Vietnam was a _______ colony
French
JFK used his flexible response to send __________ advisors to Vietnam to aid and train them
Advisors
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), encouraged citizens to test the new law to desegregate buses. These bus rides became known as ________
Freedom rides
What was the most hate filled segregated city in the United States?
Birmingham
What did MLKJ nickname Birmingham because of the inequality and violence?
Bombingham
Who was the racist Police Chief of Birmingham?
Eugene Bull Conner
In kings famous ___________________, he promised to make civil rights a national ordeal
Letters from Birmingham jail
Who led the March on Washington?
MLKJ
What was the march on Washington in protest of?
Unfair employment and discrimination
The March on Washington commemorated the 100 year anniversary of the _____________
Emancipation Proclamation
In front of what monument did King give his famous ‘I Have a Dream’ speech?
Lincoln Memorial
Lyndon B Johnson used his ___________ to get the votes he needed
Johnson treatment
LJB was more __________ thank JFK
Persistent
Who signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Lyndon B Johnson
What did the Civil Rights Act do?
- Made segregation illegal
- Created an Equal Opportunity Employment Commission
Who ran for the democrats in 1964?
Lyndon B Johnson
What did LBJ campaign for in 1964?
Civil Rights and to fight the war on poverty
Who did LBJ run against in the election of 1964?
Barry Goldwater
This act banned literacy tests and provided for federal registrars to help African Americans vote
Voting Rights act of 1965
This was LBJ’s social pieced of legislation aimed at fighting the war on poverty; included programs for basic necessities
The great society
This program allowed kids to go to preschool
Headstart
These were the health insurance programs passed by LBJ’s administration
Medicare and Medicaid
What new department did LBJ add to the cabinet?
US department of Housing and Urban Development
This program issued by Johnson provided job training for high school dropouts
Job corpse
Federal spending _______ during LBJ’s presidency
Increased
What happened to Johnson’s great society as the war escalated?
Massive budget cuts were made to fund Vietnam
The counter culture movement of the 60’s challenged _________
Conformity
What Mexican American leader created the National Farm Workers Association?
Cesar Chavez.
This was a militant style Civil Rights group that came into prominence in 60’s
The Black Panthers
Who led the Black Panthers?
Huey Newton, Bobby Seale
Who took over the SNCC and turned it into a more militant style group?
Stockely Charmichale
What was the title of Kennedy’s published book of speeches?
The strategy of peace
JFK and Khrushchev tried to work out the Berlin crises in ______
Vienna
This program offered economic aid for Latin American countries
Alliance for progress
Who was the leader of Southern Vietnam
Nao Dinh Diem
Who led communist vietnam?
Ho Chi Minh
What was the communist military also called?
Viet Con
Who was appointed JFK’s Attorney General?
Robbert Kennedy
Who led the Supreme Courts change from its conservatory ways?
Earl Warren
Who did JFK appoint to the Supreme Court giving them a liberal advantage?
Arthur Goldberg
This Supreme Court decision said that if you cannot get a lawyer one will be appointed to you
Gideon vs wainwright
This Supreme Court decision ruled that you could not be interrogated without defense council present
Escobedo vs Illinois
This Supreme Court decision ruled that you have to be read your rights at the time of arrest
Miranda vs Arizona
Supreme Court case that ruled that Tennessee had to redistribute their legislative seats to give citizens equal representation
Baker v Carr
This Supreme Court case banned school prayer
Engel vs Vitale
North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked what American ship in the Golf of Tonkin?
The Maddox
What other ship did the US sent of Vietnam as a result of the attack on the Maddox?
C. turner Joy
What did Johnson do about the Golf of Tonkin affair?
He ordered air strikes in N.V
What did a Johnson ask congress as a result of the Golf of Tonkin affair?
Authority to take all war measures necessary
What was the political result of the Golf of Tonkin Affair?
It began the downfall of LBJ
This was the site of a Vietcong attack on an American base that took nine lives
Pleiku
LBJ used Pleiku as an excuse to do what?
Order bombardment of N.V targets
In 1965, what did LBJ authorize for the war?
American combat troops
Who was the American General in Vietnam?
William Westmoreland
The first student rebellion happened at _________
UC Berkely
Who led the free speech movement at Berkley?
Mario Savio
This was a radical student group that wanted to get rid of poverty, racism, and violence
Students for a democratic society
This was a Vietcong attack on the south that greatly stirred public opinion away from the war
Tet offensive
Was the US and S.V successful in stopping the tet offensive?
Yes
The tet offensive was the __________ of Vietnam
Turning point
This democratic Minnesotan senator challenged LBJ for his nomination
Eugene McCarthey
Senator of NY, __________ also fought for the democratic nomination in the election of 1968
Robert Kennedy
Who assassinated Robert Kennedy?
Sirham, Sirham
Who entered the presidential race from a third party?
George C Wallis
Who did George C Wallis run for?
American Independent Party
Who was George Wallis?
Racist governor of Alabama
Who won the election of 1968?
Nixon
