Ch 2-4 Flashcards
Business enterprise that enabled investors to pool money for commercial trading activity and funding for sustaining colonies.
Joint-stock company
First permanent English settlement, founded by the London Company
Jamestown
What were some reasons for new world settlement ?
Population increase, crime, religious prosecution, pardoned from jail
Who was Jamestown named after?
King James I
What was the male to female ratio in Jamestown?
6:1
Why did the original settlers choose the Chesapeake region to settle?
Because it provided good protection from possible attacks (Indians and Spanish)
What were disadvantages of settling in the Chesapeake region?
Marshy, contaminated with salt water, disease
Who instilled reforms, does away with privileges, trades with the natives,maps the colonies and ultimately saves Jamestown? (Hint: he was rescued by pocohantes)
Captain John Smith
System of land distribution in which settlers were granted a fifty acre plot of land for each servant or dependent they brought to the new world. Encourages new world settlement
Headright System
Who discovered tobacco and married pocohantes ?
John Rolf
Who established the headright system?
Sandys
Individuals agreed to serve a master for a set number of years in exchange for the cost of transportation to America. Dominant form of labor before slavery in Chesapeake colonies
Indentured Servitude
An elective representative assembly in Virginia. First example of representative government in the English colonies
House of Burgesses
Who settled Maryland?
George Calvert
Why did King Charles grant the land in Maryland?
To use it as a safe haven for persecuted Catholics
Tried to purify Church of England while staying within the church
Puritans
Wanted to separate from the Church of England
Pilgrims
Where did the Pilgrims flee to after first leaving Scrooby Manor?
Holland
Why did the Pilgrims leave holland ?
They felt they were losing their customs
Governed Plymouth , wrote “Of Plymouth Plantation”
William Bradford
The concept that the settlers of a newly organized territory have the right to decide through voting whether or not to accept slavery.
Popular sovereignty
An agreement among the pilgrims aboard the Mayflower to create a civil government at Plymouth Colony
The Mayflower Compact
What date was the Mayflower Compact signed ?
November 11, 1620
What was the name of the Indian who welcomed the pilgrims? He had earlier escaped Europe and spoke perfect English
Squanto
What skills did the Native Americans teach the pilgrims?
Fishing, hunting , farming
This region formed the second frontier as people moved towards Americas a interior.
Backcountry
Teaching emphasizing predestination, accepted by the puritans
Calvinism
What was King Charles worst mistake, that may have cost him his life?
He disbanded parliament in 1629
Leader and Governor of Massachusetts Bay, thought his colony would shine has a beacon of righteousness
John Winthrop
Men who owned land and belonged to the church, we’re eligible to vote
Freeman
First code of laws in English in the New World
Laws and Liberties
Extreme Separatist who criticized New England leaders for stealing Native land
Roger Williams
Anti law
Antinomianism
Anti law, believed colonies had lost touch with scripture, banished from NE colonies
Anne Hutchinson
Where we’re you banished to if expelled from NE?
Rhode Island
Who was the Puritan ruler who ruled during the 10 year period before Charles II was restored to power?
Oliver Cromwell
Why was James II overthrown in 1688?
His religious tolerance
Who took New Netherlands and New Sweden from the Dutch
Henry Hudson
He believed everyone was equal. Obtains the Royal land Grant for Pennsylvania in 1685. He had good relationships with the natives
William Penn
Barbados population moves here
Port of Charles
British General who tried to populate Georgia for fear of Spanish frontier
James Oglethorpe
This was the main job of a slave in the north
House servant
Farmer society
Agrarian
New England obsession with family
Tribalism
What was the men to woman ratio in New England
3:2
Why was Harvard established by New England colonists in 1639?
To train ministers
When were elementary schools required in New England?
If a village had 15 or more families
What was the New England children’s main source of reading?
New England Primer
This allows children to be baptized if the grandparents had been baptized, established in 1662
Half way covenant
Why did NE women join the church more often than men?
Because of risk of pregnancy and a harder life in general
Independent farmers
Yeoman
What percent of Chesapeake was indentured servants?
80%
Only 1/3 of marriages lasted how many years?
10
Why was education not a big priority in Chesapeake ?
Many children didn’t survive into adulthood, no point in educating them
What was the Capitol of Chesapeake?
Williamsburg
What year did slaves first come to Virginia ?
1619
1739, 150 slaves try to flee from South Carolina to Florida
Stono Rebellion
An economic theory that shaped colonial policies. Based on the theory that in order to increase wealth, a nation needed to export more goods than it imported
Mercantilism
Who coined the term “mercantilism”
Adam smith
What was the name of Adam Smiths book in which he first used the term mercantilism?
The Wealth of Nations
Act that said that only ships made in England or the English colonies could trade with the colonies. Certain enumerated goods could only be trade with England or the English colonies.
Navigation act of 1660
Act that says that all imports to the colonies must pass through England directly, resulting in a higher price on goods for the colonists.
Staple act (1663)
Who was appointed the new governor of New England by James II to enforce the Navigation Acts?
Sir Edmund Andros
Wanted in on the fur trade, led a rebellion that ultimately leads to the destruction of Jamestown
Nathaniel bacon
Who signed the English Bill of Rights?
William and Mary
A black slave who gained his freedom and went on to be a successful plantation owner
Anthony Johnson
Largest group of non England settlers in he 1800s, settled in the backcountry
Scotch Irish
Successful German farmers who migrated to Pennsylvania in the 1800s
Pennsylvania Dutch
Criminals sent to America in order to be pardoned from death penalty, way to repopulate colonies
Transportation act (1718)
Revolution in sciences , politics, and philosophy. Age of reason
Enlightenment
Says everyone has three inalienable rights, and it is the governments job to protect the rights of the people
John Locke
Lays groundwork for the constitution, wrote “The Spirit of Laws”, comes up with idea for checks and balances and separation of powers
Montesquieu
Says everyone should have the right to free speech
Voltaire
Woman’s rights activist
Mary Wollstonecraft
Most important enlightened thinker, man of science , politics , and religion
Ben Franklin
Preacher during the frat awakening, emotional preaching
Jonathan Edwards
A preacher who moved around
Iterant preacher
Famous Iterant preacher
George Whitfield
Why did the French Indian war start?
Both the English and French wanted control of the ohio river valley
George Washington leads 116 men in an attempt to push out the French to what fort?
Fort duquesne
What was the name of the fort that the English built after taking over the ohio river valley ?
Fort necessity
English General that planned to expel French
General Edward Braddock
English foreign minister who’s strategy was to attack the French from Canada
William Pitt
What year did the French Indian war end?
1763
Him and a group of men seize a local fort in the name of William and Mary, the expect support but don’t get any
Jacob Liesler
Orders leislure to surrender, declares him a rebel and sentences him to hanging
Henry Sloughter
Formed Protestant group/association
John Coode
Reports of dreams/visions in which people accused of being a whitch appeared as the devils agent. Valid evidence accepted in court
Spectral Evidence
Established European communities north of rio grande
Juan de Onate
