Ch. 25: people Flashcards
This ruler had a positive program for France in which he wrote two pamphlets Napoleonic Ideas and The Elimination of Poverty.
Louis Napoleon or Napoleon III
This ruler showed how Goverments could reconcile popular and conservative forces in an Authoritarian nationalism.
- provided a model for political leaders elsewhere.
Louis Napoleon or Napoleon III
This idealistic patriot wanted a unified Italy and preached a centralized democratic republic based on universal male sufferage and the will of the people.
Giuseppe Mazzini
This catholic priest wanted a unified Italy who called for a confederation of existing states under the presidency of a progressive pope.
Vincenzo Gilbert
1864 in the Syllabus of Errors
* strongly denounced rationalism, socialism, separation of church and state, and religious liberty, dying that “the Roman pontiff can and ought to reconcile and align himself with progress, liberalism, and modern civilization.”
Pius IX
This brilliant states man was a dominant figure in The Sardinian Goverment from 1850 until his death in 1861.
Cavour
until 1859, he sought unity only for the states of northern and perhaps central Italy in a greatly expanded kingdom of Sardina.
Cavour
1850’s
- worked to consolidate Sardina as a liberal constitutional state capable of leading northern Italy.
- his programs of highways and railroads, or civil liberties and opposition to clerical privilege, increased support for Sardina through out northern Italy.
Cavour
worked for a secret diplomatic alliance with Napoleon III against Austria.
- July 1858
- He succeeded and goaded Austria into attacking Sardina in 1859.
- Abandoned by Napoleon III and only received Lombardy, the area around Milan yet a resigned in rage.
Cavour
May 1860
* sent Sardinian forces to occupy most of the Papal States and intercept Garibaldi.
Cavour
personified the romantic, revolutionary nationalism and republicanism of Mazzini and 1848.
Garibaldi
emerged in 1860 as an independent force in Italian Politics.
- may 1860
- attacked Silicy and gained support
Garibaldi
replaced the unstable William IV as regent in 1858 and became king himself in 1861
William I of Prussia
conceived for major army reforms
- army reforms meant a bigger defense budget and higher taxes
- calls on Count Otto Von Bismarck to head a new ministry and defy the Parliament.
William I of Prussia
above all a master of politics
- born into the Prussian landowning aristocracy
- “one must always have two irons in the fire”
- first honed his political skills as a high ranking diplomat for the Prussian Goverment
- took chief minister in 1862 and recognized the army
Bismarck