Ch. 24: people

Question 0

a good Benthamite - a follower of radical philosopher Jermery Bentham

• He taught that public problems ought to be dealt with on a rational, scientific basis and according to the “greatest good for the greatest number”
• became convinced that disease and death caused poverty simply because a sick worker was an unemployed worker and orphaned children were poor children.
• believed that disease could be prevented by cleaning up the urban environment -> his “sanitary idea.”
• collected reports from local poor law officials on the sanitary conditions of the laboring population. This evidence proved that disease was related to filthy environmental conditions, which were in turn caused largely by lack of drainage, sewers, and large collection.

Answer 0

Edwin Chadwick

Question 1

developed the germ theory of disease

• a french chemist -> began studying Fermentation
• found that fermentation depended on the growth of living organisms and that the activity of these organisms could be suppressed by heating the beverage by pasteurization.

Answer 1

Louis Pasteur

Question 2

applied the antiseptic principle

Answer 2

Joseph Lister

Question 3

follower of the radical philosopher Jeremy Benthamite who taught that public problems should be dealt with on a rational, scientific basis and according to the greatest good for the greatest number.

Answer 3

benthamite

Question 4

the belief that people contract disease when they breathe the bad odors of decay and putrefying excrement.

Answer 4

miasmatic theory

Question 5

the idea, contrary to miasmatic theory, that disease was spread through filth and not caused by it.

Answer 5

germ theory

Question 6

process developed by Louis Pasteur that suppressed the activity of living organisms in a beverage by heating it.

Answer 6

pasteurization

Question 7

developed by English surgeon Joseph Lister, it was the idea that a chemical disinfectant applied to a wound dressing would destroy aerial bacteria.

Answer 7

antiseptic principle

Question 8

period between 1750 and 1850 marked by a high number of illegitimate births by the 1840s, as many as one birth in three was occurring outside of wedlock in many large cities.

Answer 8

illegitimacy explosion