Ch. 22: People Flashcards
This barber-turned-manufacturer invented another kind of a spinning machine, The Water Frame.
Richard Arkwright
This gifted carpenter and Jack-of-All -Trades invented the cotton spinning Jenny in 1765.
James Hargreaves
This Scottish man was employed at the time by The University of Glasgow as a skilled craftsman making scientific instruments. In 1763, he was called in to repair a Newcomen engine being used in a physics course. He saw that the Newcomen’s engine waste of energy would be reduced by adding a separate condenser. Patented in 1764, this invention greatly increased the efficiency of the steam engine. By late 1780’s, the steam engine had become a practical and commercial success in Britain.
James Watt
In 1825, this man built an effective locomotive; worlds first important railroad. It was named the rocket.
George Stephenson
These great painters succeeded this sense of power and awe. So did the massive train stations who were considered as the cathedrals of the Industrial Age.
Joseph. M. W. Turner and Claude Monet
This man wrote the essay, Essay on the Principe of Population 1798. In the essay he argued population would always tend to grow faster than food supply.
Thomas Malthus
This wealthy English stockbroker and leading economists who contributed to the Iron of Wages. He wanted wages to be kept low and thought if poor people were paid more they will have more money. He wanted substantial wages.
David Ricardo
A Lancashire carpenter, he and his sons began building cotton-spinning equipment in French occupied Belgium, 1799. In 1817 the most famous son, John Cockerill, purchased the old summer palace of the deposed bishops of Liège in southern Belgium. He invented the place into a large industrial enterprise, which produced machinery, steam engines, and then railway locomotives.
William Cockerill
A business pioneer in the German machinery industry. Setting up a shop in a abandoned castle in the still-tranquil Ruhr Valley, he felt an almost religious calling to build steam engines, and become the “Watt of Germany.” Lacking skilled labors to do the job, he turned to England for experienced, though expensive, mechanics. He had to import the thick iron boilers that he needed from England at a great cost. He eventually built and sold machines. Although, it resulted in large financial losses for himself and his partners, and in 1832, he was forced out of his company by his financial backers, who cut back operations to reduce losses.
Fritz Harkort
A German journalists and thinker. He reflected governments later role in industrialization on the continent than in England. He considered the growth of modern industry. An agricultural nation was not only poor but weak. To promote industry was to to defend the nation. The practical policies that he focused on his articles and in his influential, National System of Political Economy (1841), were railroad building and the tariff. He supported the formation of a customs union, or lollverein, among the separate German states. He wanted a high protective tariff, which would encourage infant industries, allowing them to develop and eventually Hold their own against their more advanced British counterparts. He denounced the British doctrine of free trade. His economic nationalism by 1840’s became increasingly popular in Germany and elsewhere.
Friedrich List (1789-1846)
This man called the factories, “Satanic Mills,” and protested against the hard of life or the London poor.
William Blake (1757-1829)
This man lamented the destruction of the rural way of life and the pollution of the land and water.
William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
A young middle class German; after studying conditions in Northern England, he published in 1844, The Conditions of The Working Class in England, a blistering indictment Of the middle classes. New poverty of industrial workers were worse than the old poverty of cottage workers and agricultural laborers. The culprit was industrial capitalism.
Friedrich Engles (1820-1895)
A manufacturer in Scotland, he testified in 1816 and demonstrated that employing children under ten years of age as factory workers was
“Injurious to the children and not beneficial to the proprietors”
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
