AP EURO REVIEW: KEY TERMS Flashcards
These people are French Calvinist.
Huguenots
this treaty was signed in 1559 by France and Spain. It ended the Habsburg-Valois wars. Spain was crowned Victor and fancy must of knowledge Spanish dominance in Italy.
Treaty of Cateau Cambrésis
This event was the perishing of the Huguenots by the Catholic in Paris At a wedding ceremony.
Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
These French people believe that only the restoration of strong monarchy and reverse the trend toward collapse would save France.
Politiques
Published by Henry IV in 1598 who granted Huguenots the liberty of conscience and liberty of public worship.
Edict of Nantes
centered in the Netherlands, 5000 merchants from many nations gathered daily in the exchange.
Bourse
signed in 1581, this was the union formation of the seven Northern Provinces
Union of Utrecht
this was a monastery at Northwest Madrid in Spain.
Escorial
This union was formed by Lutheran princes in 1608. Determined that the other should make no religious advance.
Protestant union
this treaty signed in October 1648 was the turning point of political, religious, social history. The conflicts of religious faith ends. This treaty recognizes sovereign, independent of more than 300 German princes. The treaty was signed at Münster and Osnabruck. It also denies the papacy the right to participate in German religious affairs.
Peace of Westphalia
This 15th-century tool enabled sailors to determine their direction and position at sea.
magnetic compass
This tool was developed by Muslim navigators in the 12th century Who determined altitude of the sun and other celestial bodies.
Astrolobe
Published by Fernandez De Oviedo’s in 1547 who detailed eyewitness account of plants, animals, people and became widely read.
General history of Indies
This 16 century nickname influence of Spanish armies, Spanish Catholicism, and Spanish wealth which was felt all over Spain. This was the influx of precious metals from the New World.
Golden century of Spain
Centered in Spain where severely strained governed body, economic shambles and Spanish predominance is over
Price revolution
In the 16th century the Spanish crown was divided in the New World territories into four viceroyalties.
- New Spain: Mexico, Central America, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and the capital Mexico City.
- Peru: Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador and the capital at Lima
- New Granada: Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, after 1739 Ecuador, where the capital was at Bogota.
- La Plata: Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and the Capitol at Bueno Aries.
Viceroyalties
1/5 of all precious metals mined in South America.
Quinto
A term to a person who is considered hath conference with the devil to consult with him or to do some act. They were thought to mysteriously injured people.
Witch
This key term which is Portuguese “odd shaped, imperfect pearl” This type of art was usually overblown, unbalanced style. Was very famously used in the 17th and half of the 18th century.
Baroque
A state that possesses a monopoly over the instruments of justice and the use of the force within clearly defined boundaries.
sovereignty
This term was coined in 1830. Monarchs who used this term believed the divine right of the king.
Absolutism
This French quote meaning reason of state was developed by Richelieu that justifies his policies.
Raison d’etat
this was the Civil War in France (1648 through 1653) mostly caused by chief Minister of Richelieu and regent of Louis XIV, Cardinal Jules Mazarin. This key term also means slingshot or catapult. This had three results for the future: Government would have to compromise with Bureaucrats, French economy would take years to rebuild, and I left a traumatic effect on young Louis XIV.
Fronde.
Fronder it’s considered a street urchin who through mud at rich people. Usually oppose the policies of the government.
This term was were scholars characterize the art and literature of the age of Louis XIV. It was an official style of Louis Court.
French classicism
This key term was the collection of governmental policies for the regulation of economic activities, especially commercial activities, by and for the state.
Mercantilism
This treaty signed in 1713 at Utrecht concludes the wars of Louis XIV. It presented the balance of power principle in operation. Setting limits on the extent to which anyone’s power could expand. Expanded the British Empire and marked end of French expansionist policy.
Peace of Utrecht
A novel written by Miguel de Cervantes. Deliberated The whole fabric of the 16th century Spanish society. The main character Don Quixote lives in a world of dreams traveling countryside seeking military glory.
Don Quixote
This key term was the limitation of government by law. It implies a balance between the authority and power of government on the one hand and the rights of liberties of the subjects on the other.
constitutionalism
These extreme reformers believed Reformation had not gone far enough. They wanted to purify the Anglican church of Roman catholic elements; elaborate investments and ceremonials, bishops, position of altar in charge, giving and wearing of wedding rings. They wanted to abolish the bishops in church of England.
puritans
This type of government was the Commonwealth. Proclaimed after the abolishment of the kingship. The legislative was Parliament. Executive was the Council of State and the army control of the government.
republican government
A treatise written by John Locke who was a political philosopher. It’s Maintained that people set up Civil government to protect the life liberty and poverty and if overstepping its function, it becomes a tyranny. Under tyrannical rebellion, people have natural rights to rebellion.
Second Treatise of Civil Government
This 18th-century term derived from small private room in which English rulers consulted their chief Minister.
cabinet System
This federal assembly handled matters of foreign affairs such as war. No sovereignty meant local is dates for approval.
States General
A representative in each province appointed by states general. They carried out ceremonial functions and was responsible for defense and good order.
State holder
Group of regents of Holland established in 1602.
Dutch East India Company
Serfs Established between 1400-1650 in the Eastern lands of Bohemia, Silesia , Hungary, eastern Germany, Poland, Lithuania and Russia.
serfdom
Centered in Prussia, peasants were a assumed to be tied to their local lords , bound to their lords from one generation to the next as well to the land.
heredity subjugation
The believe in divine right created in Prussia was stronger and more effective then the established Austria. This advantage gave Prussia a thin edge over Austria in the struggle for power in East Central Europe in the 18 century
absolutism
This key term is the representative body of different states, or legal orders, and Bohemia.
bohemian states
This Ottoman Turk Emperor exploited the land as he saw fit according to Ottoman political theory. He defended peasant communities from Greedy officials, so that peasants could afford to pay their taxes and support the state.
Sultan
This system created a powerful stabilizing bond between the ottoman ruling classes and the different religious leaders, who supported the sultans rule in return for extensive authorities over the members of their communities. Each collected taxes for the state, regulated good behavior, and Maintained law courts, school, synagogues, and hospitals for its people. Individuals outside the ruling elite had status only through their System membership.
Millet System
Proclaimed by Charles VI in 1713, stated that Habsburg possessions were never to be divided and would always to be passed intact to a single heir, who might be female since Charles VI was the last of all Habsburg males. Charles spent much of his reign trying to get this principle accepted by various branches of the Habsburg family, the three different estates of realm, and by the states of Europe.
Pragmatic sanction
This elector had the right to choose the Holy Roman Empire with six other electors bestowed prestige, but the elector had no military strength whatsoever.
Elector of Bradenburg
A key term coined to the nobility and land owning class that dominated the estates of Brandenburg and Prussia
Junkets
This religion mostly dominated by the Russians rejected authority of the pope.
Eastern orthodoxy
These were powerful land owning Nobles in Russia.
Boyars Nobility
This key term is a nickname for the Mongols who ruled the Eastern Slavs for more than 200 years after the conquest of Chinggis Khan. The Mongols used existing Slavic princes as servants and tax collector. Good princes were awarded with heredity.
Mongol Yoke
A system of government by one person with absolute power.
Autocracy
This type of nobility held the Tsar’s land on the explicit condition that they serve in the Tsar’s army.
Service nobility
Free groups and outlaw armies of peasants who fled Tsar and service nobility.
Cossacks
A key term where most people are not philosophers, but they nevertheless have a basic outlook on life.
world view
This hypothesis put the stars at rest. There apparent nightly movement simply a result of the earth’s rotation. Thus, it destroyed the main reason for believing in Crystal spears capable of moving the stars around the earth. Second, the theory suggested a universe of staggering size. If in a course of a year the earth moves around the sun and yet the stars appeared to remain in the same place done at the universe was unthinkably large or even infinite.
Copernican hypothesis
A method by Galileo, rather than speculate about what might or should happen, he conducted controlled experiments to find out what actually did happen. This showed that a uniform force in this case gravity produced a uniform acceleration.
Experimental method
Formulated by Galileo, this rest was not the natural state of objects, rather than, an object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force.
Law of Inertia
By Isaac Newton, everybody in the universe attracts every other body in the universe in a precise mathematical relationship, whereby the force of attraction is proportional to the quantity of matter of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
law of universal gravitation
A general theory of inductive reasoning
Empiricism
Where in by Renée Descartes which consisting two fundamental entities.
Cartesian Dualism
This was a philosophical movement of the 18 century
Enlightenment
This idea brought the enlightenment into a head-on conflict with established churches, which arrested their beliefs on the special authority on the Bible and Christian theology.
Rationalism
The idea that Enlightenment Thinkers believed that it was at least possible for human beings to create better societies and better people.
Progress
A key term meaning any questioning attitude toward knowledge. Quoted by Pierre Bayle
Skepticism
Where in by John Locke, the human mind is like a blank tablet, on which the environment writes the individuals understanding and beliefs. Human development is therefore determined by education and social institutions, for good or for evil.
Fabula Rasa
these people were proudly and effectively proclaimed that day, at long last, were bringing the light of knowledge to their ignorant fellow creatures in the Age of Enlightenment.
Philosophe’s
The economic and social elite joined together in the 18th century concept of the educated or a lightened public.
Public
Montesquieu argued that despotism could be avoided if there was a separation of powers, with political power divided and shared by a variety of classes and legal Estates holding unequal rights and privileges.
Separation of powers
social contract written in 1762 by Rousseau saying that this key term is Sacred an absolute, reflecting the common interest of all people, who have displaced the Monarch as the holder of sovereign power.
general will
talented rich woman in Paris hosted social gatherings in this key term of the great and near great.
Salons
This key term refers to the absolute monarchy inspired by the enlightenment
Enlightened Absolutism
This key term were foods that were eaten up by the poor. They were never a regular food and was only eaten out of desperation. Some of these foods include grass, chestnuts, bark and flowers. Even some cannibalism occurred during the 17 century
famine foods
this system was the greatest accomplishment of medieval agriculture of village farming developed by European peasants.
Openfield system
This key term, in addition to rotating field crops in a uniform way, villages Maintained open Meadows for hay and pasture.
Common Lands
This was the progressive elimination of the fallow, which occurred gradually throughout Europe from mid 17 century and-on. The great milestone and human development.
agriculture revolution
this new system of new patterns of organization allowed some farmers to develop increasingly sophisticated patterns to suit different kind of soil
Crap rotation
Centered in England, this was the transformation of large numbers of small peasant farmers into land less rural wage earners – gone so far.
Proletarianization
is a key term, also known as domestic industry.
cottage industry
A key term that is a description of the 18th century rural industry
putting out system
This was a system of economic regulation aimed at increasing the power of the state. It particularly aimed at creating a favorable balance of foreign trade in order to create a country’s stock of gold.
mercantilism
Published by Oliver Cromwell this act stated that all English goods must be imported on English ships
The navigation act
this key term, forced migration of africans was the key element in the Atlantic system and Western European economic expansion throughout 18th century. Africans made a decisive contribute to the development of Atlantic economy. In 1807 Parliament abolished this type of trade.
African slave trade
By Adam Smith, effects of both England and Spain, form of mercantilism, founded the bias for modern economics, government should control economy, it will help the rich and poor equally.
economic liberalism
