Ch. 25 - Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Question 1

What does the term “cognitive” refer to?

Answer 1

Covert behaviours that occur within the mind and cannot be directly observed.

Question 2

What are cognitive behaviours?

Answer 2

Covert verbal or imaginal responses made by someone.

Question 3

What differentiates cognitive behaviours from overt behaviours when it comes to behaviour modification?

Answer 3

Where overt behaviours can be observed and defined by others, cognitive behaviours must be observed and behaviourally defined by the person experiencing it.

Question 4

Why are we interested in modifying cognitive behaviour?

Answer 4

The behaviour may be distressing, the behaviour functions as a discriminative stimulus for desirable behaviours, or as a motivating operation for punishers/reinforcers.

Question 5

What are the two cognitive behaviour modification procedures?

Answer 5

Cognitive restructuring and cognitive coping skills.

Question 6

What is cognitive restructuring and when is it used?

Answer 6

A procedure designed to replace specific maladaptive behaviours with more desirable thoughts. It is used in the case of behavioural excesses.

Question 7

What is cognitive coping skills training and when is it used?

Answer 7

A procedure designed to teach new cognitive behaviours that are then used to promote other desirable behaviours. It is used in the case of behavioural deficits.

Question 8

What are the three steps to cognitive restructuring?

Answer 8

1. Identify distressing thoughts and the situations in which they occur.
2. Identify the undesired consequences that follow the distressing thoughts.
3. Stop the client from thinking the distressing thoughts by helping the client think more rational or desirable thoughts.

Question 9

What does the first step of cognitive restructuring rely on?

Answer 9

The client’s memory of the situations and associated thoughts or self-monitoring.

Question 10

Why is the second step of cognitive restructuring important?

Answer 10

The client can see how the distressing thought is an antecedent to an unpleasant consequence.

Question 11

What are cognitive distortions?

Answer 11

Distorted thoughts that depressed persons engage in.

Question 12

What are the 7 cognitive distortions?

Answer 12

All-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, disqualifying the positive, jumping to conclusions, magnification and minimization, labeling and mislabeling, and personalization.

Question 13

What is all-or-nothing thinking?

Answer 13

If it’s not perfect, it’s unacceptable.

Question 14

What is overgeneralization?

Answer 14

One thing going badly means everything will go badly.

Question 15

What is disqualifying the positive?

Answer 15

Ignoring the positive events that occur.

Question 16

What is jumping to conclusions?

Answer 16

Reading into events and making conclusions that are not supported by evidence.

Question 17

What is magnification and minimization?

Answer 17

Blowing negative events out of proportion and deflating positive events.

Question 18

What is labeling and mislabeling?

Answer 18

Assigning negative labels to events or oneself.

Question 19

What is personalization?

Answer 19

Assuming responsibility for the occurrence of negative events.

Question 20

What are the three steps to self-instructional training?

Answer 20

1. Identify the problem situation and define the desirable behaviour most appropriate to the situation.
2. Identify the self-instructions that will be most helpful in the problem situation.
3. Use behavioural skills training to teach the self-instructions.

Question 21

How is behavioural skills training used to teach self-instructions?

Answer 21

Role-plays and repetition.

Question 22

What is the process of teaching self-instructions?

Answer 22

The therapists models the self-instruction and the desirable behaviour, the client joins in, the client does it alone, the self-instruction is taught to be covert.

Question 23

What are acceptance-based therapies?

Answer 23

Treatments with the goal of helping people accept their negative thoughts, rather than changing them.

Question 24

What is the aim of acceptance-based therapies?

Answer 24

To create a state of mind where the intrusive thoughts no longer affect the client’s life.