Ch. 25 - Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Flashcards
What does the term “cognitive” refer to?
Covert behaviours that occur within the mind and cannot be directly observed.
What are cognitive behaviours?
Covert verbal or imaginal responses made by someone.
What differentiates cognitive behaviours from overt behaviours when it comes to behaviour modification?
Where overt behaviours can be observed and defined by others, cognitive behaviours must be observed and behaviourally defined by the person experiencing it.
Why are we interested in modifying cognitive behaviour?
The behaviour may be distressing, the behaviour functions as a discriminative stimulus for desirable behaviours, or as a motivating operation for punishers/reinforcers.
What are the two cognitive behaviour modification procedures?
Cognitive restructuring and cognitive coping skills.
What is cognitive restructuring and when is it used?
A procedure designed to replace specific maladaptive behaviours with more desirable thoughts. It is used in the case of behavioural excesses.
What is cognitive coping skills training and when is it used?
A procedure designed to teach new cognitive behaviours that are then used to promote other desirable behaviours. It is used in the case of behavioural deficits.
What are the three steps to cognitive restructuring?
- Identify distressing thoughts and the situations in which they occur.
- Identify the undesired consequences that follow the distressing thoughts.
- Stop the client from thinking the distressing thoughts by helping the client think more rational or desirable thoughts.
What does the first step of cognitive restructuring rely on?
The client’s memory of the situations and associated thoughts or self-monitoring.
Why is the second step of cognitive restructuring important?
The client can see how the distressing thought is an antecedent to an unpleasant consequence.
What are cognitive distortions?
Distorted thoughts that depressed persons engage in.
What are the 7 cognitive distortions?
All-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, disqualifying the positive, jumping to conclusions, magnification and minimization, labeling and mislabeling, and personalization.
What is all-or-nothing thinking?
If it’s not perfect, it’s unacceptable.
What is overgeneralization?
One thing going badly means everything will go badly.
What is disqualifying the positive?
Ignoring the positive events that occur.
What is jumping to conclusions?
Reading into events and making conclusions that are not supported by evidence.
What is magnification and minimization?
Blowing negative events out of proportion and deflating positive events.
What is labeling and mislabeling?
Assigning negative labels to events or oneself.
What is personalization?
Assuming responsibility for the occurrence of negative events.
What are the three steps to self-instructional training?
- Identify the problem situation and define the desirable behaviour most appropriate to the situation.
- Identify the self-instructions that will be most helpful in the problem situation.
- Use behavioural skills training to teach the self-instructions.
How is behavioural skills training used to teach self-instructions?
Role-plays and repetition.
What is the process of teaching self-instructions?
The therapists models the self-instruction and the desirable behaviour, the client joins in, the client does it alone, the self-instruction is taught to be covert.
What are acceptance-based therapies?
Treatments with the goal of helping people accept their negative thoughts, rather than changing them.
What is the aim of acceptance-based therapies?
To create a state of mind where the intrusive thoughts no longer affect the client’s life.
