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Penny ob/gyn > Ch. 23 The First Trimester > Flashcards

Ch. 23 The First Trimester Flashcards

1
Q

Graafian follicle

A

the name for the dominant follicle before ovulation

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2
Q

fimbria

A

the fingerlike extension of the fallopian tube located on the infundibulum

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3
Q

infundibulum

A

the distal segment of the fallopian tube

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4
Q

the combination of a female ovum with a male sperm to produce a zygote; also referred to as fertilization

A

Conception

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5
Q

the longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube; area of the tube in which fertilization takes place and a common location for ectopic pregnancies to implant

A

ampulla

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6
Q

the cell formed by the union of two gametes; the first stage of a fertilized ovum

A

zygote

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7
Q

the developmental stage of the conceptus following the zygote

A

morula

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8
Q

the stage of the conceptus that implants within the decidualized endometrium

A

blastocyst

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9
Q

the cells that surround the gestation that produce human chorionic gonadotropin

A

trophoblastic cells

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10
Q

hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta; may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

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11
Q

term given to the developing fetus before 10 weeks’ gestation

A

embryo

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12
Q

the wall of the inner sac (amniotic cavity) that contains the embryo and amniotic fluid; echogenic curvilinear structure that may be seen during the first trimester within the gestational sac

A

amnion

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13
Q

the outer membrane of a gestation that surrounds the amnion and the developing embryo

A

chorion

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14
Q

Sound Off:
The _____ are the cells that produce the pregnancy hormone hCG.

A

trophoblastic cells

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15
Q

fingerlike projections of gestational tissue that attach to the decidualized endometrium and allow the transfer of nutrients from the mother to the fetus

A

chorionic villi

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16
Q

a bleed that occurs at the time in which the conceptus implants into the decidualized endometrium

A

implantation bleeding

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17
Q

the gestational sac; also see key term chorion

A

chorionic sac

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18
Q

the structure responsible for early nutrient transfer to the embryo; the yolk sac seen during a sonographic examination of the early gestation

A

secondary yolk sac

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19
Q

the space between the chorionic sac and the amniotic sac that contains the secondary yolk sac; also referred to as the extraembryonic coelom

A

chorionic cavity

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20
Q

Sound Off:
The ____ is also referred to as the chorionic sac.

A

gestational sac

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21
Q

the way in which a pregnancy can be dated based on the first day of the last menstrual cycle; also referred to as menstrual age

A

menstrual age or gestational age

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22
Q

Sound Off:
In the first trimester, ____maintains the corpus luteum of the ovary so that the corpus luteum can continue to produce progesterone.

A

hCG

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23
Q

physiologic ovarian cyst that develops after ovulation has occurred

A

corpus luteum cyst

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24
Q

the level of human chorionic gonadotropin beyond which an intrauterine pregnancy is consistently visible

A

discriminatory zone

25
Q

Sound Off:
A gestational sac, the earliest definitive sign of an IUP, should generally be visualized between ____ with transvaginal sonography.

A

1,000 and 2,000 mIU per mL with

26
Q

Sound Off:
Normal hCG levels ____ every 48 hours in the first trimester.

A

double

27
Q

the physiologic effect on the endometrium in the presence of a pregnancy

A

decidual reaction

28
Q

a pregnancy located outside the endometrial cavity of the uterus

A

ectopic pregnancy

29
Q

Sound Off:
The first definitive sonographic sign of an IUP is identification of the ____ within the decidualized endometrium.

A

gestational sac

30
Q

the appearance of a small gestational sac in the uterine cavity surrounded by the thickened, echogenic endometrium

A

intradecidual sign

31
Q

the appearance of an abnormally shaped false gestational sac within the uterine cavity as a result of an ectopic pregnancy; this often corresponds with the accumulation of blood and secretions within the uterine cavity

A

pseudogestational sac

32
Q

the normal sonographic appearance of the decidua capsularis and decidua parietalis, separated by the anechoic fluid-filled uterine cavity

A

double sac sign or double decidual sign

33
Q

the measurement of the gestational sac to obtain a gestational age; achieved by adding the measurements of the length, width, and height of the gestational sac and dividing by 3

A

mean sac diameter

34
Q
A

fetal pole

35
Q

Sound Off:
By adding ____to the MSD (measurement in millimeter), sonographers can obtain an estimate for the gestational age in days.

A

30

36
Q
A

hematopoiesis

37
Q
A

vitelline duct

38
Q

Sound Off:
The yolk sac is connected to the embryo by the ____, also referred to as the omphalomesenteric duct, which contains one artery and one vein.

A

vitelline duct

39
Q
A

amniotic cavity

40
Q

Sound Off:
The ____ is located within the chorionic cavity.

A

yolk sac

41
Q
A

Bradycardia

42
Q
A

crown rump length (CRL)

43
Q
A

limb buds

44
Q

Sound Off:
The most accurate sonographic measurement of pregnancy is the ____.

A

CRL

45
Q
A

rhombencephalon

46
Q

Sound Off:
Within the fetal head, a cystic structure may be noted. This most often represents the _____, which will develop into the fourth ventricle and other essential brain structures.

A

rhombencephalon

47
Q
A

Physiologic bowel herniation

48
Q

Sound Off:
If physiologic bowel herniation does not resolve by ____ weeks, a follow-up examination is often warranted.

A

12

49
Q
A

choroid plexus

50
Q
A

falx cerebri

51
Q
A

decidua basalis

52
Q
A

chorion frondosum

53
Q
A

nuchal translucency (NT)

54
Q
A

trisomy 21

55
Q
A

trisomy 18

56
Q
A

Turner syndrome

57
Q

Sound Off:
The NT is optimally measured between ____ and ____ weeks ____ days’ gestation, when the CRL measures between 45 and 84 mm.

A

11 and 13 weeks and 6 days

58
Q

Sound Off:
Sonographers can obtain ____ in NT, nasal bone, ductus venosus flow, tricuspid flow, and other fetal and maternal assessments through the Fetal Medicine Foundation.

A

certification

59
Q
A

Penny ob/gyn (15 decks)

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